臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

不同的色彩與影像表現對於人眼造成不同程度的視覺疲勞。本研究主要利用視調節微動之高頻成分頻譜功率(Spectral Power of High Frequency Component of Accommodative Microfluctuations)為客觀指標來進行視覺疲勞分析來探討顯示器色彩形成方法、3D顯示技術、光源以及個人差異對於視覺疲勞的影響，並利用問卷法做為主觀評估。其中顯示器色彩形成方法為分時形成法(Time Sharing Method)與空間組成法(Spatial Formation Method)；3D顯示為快門式眼鏡(Shutter Glasses)與偏光式眼鏡(Polarized Glasses)；光源為發光二極體之背光源(LED Backlight)與發光二極體(LED)與雷射二極體(LD)之混合光源。目前已知分時形成法有可能產生色分裂(Color Break-Up)使人眼容易產生疲勞。
研究中利用快閃式3D LCD TV、偏光式3D LCD TV與雷射投影機作為研究之對象。一開始受測者先進行辨色力測驗，觀看3D影片與2D影片進行人眼刺激於同一視距、不同觀看時間，在觀看顯示器前後均利用睫狀體調節微動分析儀紀錄受測者視調節微動情形並填寫主觀評量問卷。最後以變異數分析與t檢定來分析與比較。實驗結論為(1)3D影片給予人眼的負擔大於2D影片(p<0.001)。(2)快閃式眼鏡造成的負擔大於偏光式眼鏡(p=0.012)。(3)分時形成法給予的負擔大於空間形成法(p=0.008)。(4)LED背光給予的負擔與LED與LD混光源無差別(p=0.162)。(5)整體來說，辨色力普通者負擔大於辨色力較好者(p<0.001)，而在觀看2D影片於LCD TV以及使用偏光視眼鏡觀看3D影片之後，兩者的視覺不適感程度一樣。(6) HFC確實可以客觀地評估視覺系統運作後生理上的緊繃及壓迫程度，進而評估視覺疲勞。
本研究已初步將不同色彩與影像的表現方法與視覺疲勞之關係建立出來，未來除了改變實驗中之參數進行更深入的研究，並將以前瞻即時監測裝置來實現，達成視覺疲勞之即時監測。

The appearance of different colors and images causes different levels of visual fatigue in the human eye. Research uses the spectral power of high frequency component of accommodative microfluctuations as a major objective indicator for analyzing the effects of visual fatigue through color formation methods, 3D display technologies, light sources and individual differences. A questionnaire is used as a subjective indicator. Color formation methods involved in the research are time sharing and spatial formation method, and the 3D display technologies use shutter and polarized glasses; Light sources are light emitting diode (LED) backlights and mixed LED and laser diode (LD) lights. So far the color break-up from time sharing method has been known to make human eyes tire easily.
This research used devices such as: a shutter 3D LCD TV, a polarized 3D LCD TV and a laser projector. Firstly, the subjects’ color discrimination was examined by the hue test, and then, at another time, by viewing 3D and 2D videos at the same visual range to stimulate the eyes. Before and after the experiment the subjects’ accommodative microfluctuations were measured by the auto refract-keratometer, and then a questionnaire was filled in. Finally the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a t-test were used for analysis.
Conclusions are: (1) 3D videos afflict greater visual fatigue than 2D videos (p<0.001). (2) The shutter glasses afflict more visual fatigue than the polarized glasses (p=0.012). (3) Time sharing method afflicts greater visual fatigue more than spatial formation method (p=0.008). (4) There is no difference between the LED backlight and mixed LED and LD lights (p=0.162). (5) In general, people with normal color discrimination have more visual fatigue than those with the good (p<0.001), but the visual discomfort are the same on LCD TVs and polarized system. (6) The HFC can evaluate the physiological stress or strain by overexerting the visual system, which then leads to visual fatigue.
Rudimentary relationships have been found between different colors and images appearances and visual fatigue. However, more detailed research is required using different parameters, and visual fatigue could be monitored with the development of an advanced real-time sensor.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
Acknowledgement iii
List of Figures vi
List of Tables viii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Chapter 2 Visual Fatigue 3
2.1 Visual Process 3
2.2 Definition and Sources of Visual Fatigue 6
2.3 Indicators and Methods for Measuring Visual Fatigue 7
2.3.1 Accommodation Power 7
2.3.2 Pupil Diameter 8
2.3.3 Visual Acuity 8
2.3.4 Eye Movement Velocity 9
2.3.5 Critical Fusion Frequency 10
2.3.6 Visual Task Performance 10
2.3.7 Subjective Rating of Visual Fatigue 11
2.3.8 Brain Activity Measurements 11
2.4 Comparisons of indicators 12
Chapter 3 Accommodative Microfluctuations 15
3.1 Phenomena of Accommodative Microfluctuations 15
3.2 The Power Spectrum of Accommodative Microfluctuations 16
3.3 Relationship between Accommodative Microfluctuations and Visual Fatigue 16
3.4 Automatic Refractor-Keratometer 18
3.5 Comparisons between the HFC and other Indicators 19
Chapter 4 Methods for Color and Image Formation of Displays 21
4.1 Color Formation Methods 21
4.1.1 Digital Light Processing 22
4.1.2 Liquid Crystal Display 25
4.2 3D Display Technologies 28
4.2.1 Shutter Glasses 30
4.2.2 Polarized Glass 31
4.3 Light Sources 33
4.3.1 Laser Diode 33
4.3.2 Light Emitting Diode 33
4.4 Comparisons of Three Aspects 34
Chapter 5 Experiments 36
5.1 Purpose 36
5.2 Experimental Equipment 36
5.2.1 Displays and the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Test 36
5.2.2 Auto Refract-keratometer: Speedy-K Ver. MF-1 40
5.3 Experimental Content 42
5.3.1 Experimental Design 42
5.3.2 Subjects 43
5.3.3 Experimental Process 44
Chapter 6 Results and Analysis 47
6.1 Results 47
6.2 Analysis Method 54
6.3 Analysis 54
6.3.1 Analysis of the Objective Indicator (△HFC) 54
6.3.2 Analysis of the Subjective Indicator (Questionnaire Method) 58
6.4 Comparison between the results by the Objective and the Subjective 70
Chapter 7 Discussions, Conclusions, and Future Works 72
7.1 Discussions 72
7.2 Conclusions 74
7.3 Future Works 74
References 76
Appendix 1 81
Publications 82

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