臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

約翰。厄普戴克的兔子小說是以人為中心的意識形態如何在自然環境與社會環境互動的縮影。在故事中，美國人經歷了生活方式、經濟、甚至地理環境的各種改變。故事裏，讀者可以看見美國的天然景觀隨著工業美國的興起，慢慢地腐蝕、破壞。故事的主人翁，兔子，因為無法適應快速變遷的環境，他選擇逃跑到南方，卻不經意地來到了尚未完全被破壞的西部環境來逃避，以及尋求一個希望，諷刺的是，他卻在那裏迷失了方向，最後屈服了現實，回到了他極力想躲離的世界。
在兔子快跑這一本逃離的過程中，被破壞的美國的天然環境也明顯地描述出來。隨的人口的成長，人類開始往未開發的西部前進。然而，越追求物質的成功及發展，人類就越發地寂寞和孤單，這就是兔子的感受。因此，此文的目的是要從另一角度去探討人類和環境的關係，以及人類如何藉由傅柯的異質邦的概念去辨別自己在社會中的自我。故事中的西部就是鏡子的轉喻，透過這面鏡子，兔子發現自己並不在那裡，所以他迷失了方向。他從文明中逃到了尚未被人類破壞的西部，他在那裏，卻也不在那裡，對兔子而言，西部好像是一個存在，也是不存在的地方，一個讓他去重新去思索的自我虛無之地。
兔子歸來這一本小說中，主角兔子完全變成與第一本的個性截然不同的人，他不在追求自我，反而固著在自我和美國為中心的世界，是非美國白人為入侵者，然而在與史蹟特這一位黑人的互動中，兔子似乎慢慢的改變了。
人為了自我的私心破壞自然環境，也創造的社會環境，生態思考就是讓讀者以互動關係的角度去分析閱讀作品，這也是生態思考最重要的目標，也是這本論文的研究方向。

From Rabbit, Run to Rabbit Redux. John Updike’s Rabbit is a self-centered person, concerned about his own need, desire and assumed truth. Rabbit’s stories are like a series of anthropocentric, chronological plays in which Americans have gone through various changes in lifestyle, economy and even landscapes, representation of American development. In series of the novels, readers see American natural landscapes decaying and eroding with the industrialized America. Not being able to adapt to the rapidly-changing, urban environments, they sought an escape or a hope by exploring to the West, the symbol of uncivilized and undestroyed Nature. Harry Angstrom was depicted as an observer and witness to changing America.
In Rabbit, Run, in a series of changes and transformations, Harry didn’t accept the duty of being a husband and father but he chose to run away to the West. Nevertheless, Harry got lost in the West and gave in to the civilization. In this novel, the relation between culture and nature is temporarily coexistent. Entering the sixties of the second novel, readers can perceive the atmosphere of violence and anger, which is contrary to the title “redux.” Under the circumstance of the Cold War is the social and cultural atmosphere a little bit conservative. The uncertainty urges Americans to search for identify in life. Rabbit is set as an example to justify this uncertainty—in pursuit of something. The relations between man and man, and human and environment have been changing. In the second novel, Rabbit is not an active character in search of something out of his instinct or desire. Instead, he is a passive or motionless one, spiritually isolating him from the outside environment. In this turbulent sixties, Rabbit is one of the “silent majority.”
How can literary theory be accommodated with literary works? Literary works can be considered a good way or a vehicle for us to get close to observe what is happening to the world. The characters in the works may be the representatives of “everymen” we may be one of them or we confront. The problems in Rabbit’s novels are catalyst for us to reflect on our concern in life and our relations with nature and environment. Rabbit’s relations with the physical environment and with
other people are changing. The directions of the dissertation are application of ecological thinking concept to reading Rabbit’s changing relationships with the outside world. In such a human-centered, the relationships are biased and anthropocentric. Ecological thinking is to dismantle biased, unequal relations out of the traditional linguistic conventions, to reflect on anthropocentric ideology through Michel Foucault’s Heterotopia, and to rethink and reconstruct people’s position within the physical environment.

Table of Contents

I.Chapter One: Introduction……………………………………………………………………….…..1
A.Rabbit’s Position from Rabbit, Run to Rabbit Redux…………………………………….……….1
B.Changing Environment in America……………………………………………………………….8
C.Application of Ecological Thinking—Relations between One’s Position and
Environment…….12

II.Chapter Two: An Introduction of Ecological Thinking—Relationship between
One and Others….22
A.Ecological Thinking……………………………………………………….……………………22
B.Similarity between Ecology and Language……………………………………………………..24
C.Language Impact………………………………………………………………………………..27
i.Logocentric Idea—Discourse…………………………………………………………………27
ii.Order of Things/Binary Opposition………………………………………………………….31
iii.Will to Knowledge/Truth……………………………………………………………………34
iv.Dialogics……………………………………………………………………………………..44
D.Heterotopia……………………………………………………………………………………...49
i.Utopia—Homogeneity Imaginary………………………………………………………….....51
ii.Heterotopia—Heterogeneity………………………………………………………………….53

III.Chapter Three: Instinctive Research for Position in Rabbit,
Run…………………………..……..…55
A.Rabbit—Victim of Social Environment……………………………………………………..…..55
i.Responsibility-Oriented Environment……………………………………………………..….56
ii.West—Heterotopia for Self-Identity…………………………………………………….……64
B.Rabbit—Victimizer on the Female………………………………………………………………81
i.On Janice………………………………………………………………………………………83
ii.On Ruth……………………………………………………………………………………….88

IV.Chapter Four: Dissolution of Order of Things in Rabbit Redux……………………..…….
………97
A.Out of Order of Things………………………………………………………………………...97
B.Impact of Moon Shot…………………………………………………………………………100
i.On Rabbit………………………………………………………………………..………….103
ii.On Janice…………………………………………………………………………………..109
C.2001: A Space Odyssey……………………………………………………………………….110
i.For Rabbit…………………………………………………………………………………..111
ii.For Janice…………………………………………………………………………………..113
iii.For Jill and Skeeter………………………………………………………………………..115
D.Who is Real Savior……………………………………………………………………………118
i Skeeter……………………………………………………………………………………….118
ii Jill……………………………………………………………………………………………126

V.Chapter Five: Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….…140

VI.Works Cited……………………………………………………………….…….……….…149

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