臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

3GPP NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of Thing，窄頻物聯網)是3GPP新制定的物聯網無線通訊標準，其利用多型態的資源單元(Resource Unit)及重傳機制，來增加排程的彈性並提升覆蓋範圍和可靠性，再透過不同運作模式，靈活接取LTE及GSM頻段，以充份利用既有的頻譜資源。然而，由於物聯網應用快速發展，大量的裝置需長時間運作，其能源耗損則成為重要的議題。因此，NB-IoT標準提供非持續連接方式，達成裝置的省電。然而，如何進一步減少傳輸功耗並維持高可靠(Ultra-Reliable)傳輸仍是一個開放性的問題。有鑑於此，本篇論文主要探討如何確保裝置之服務品質(QoS)及傳輸可靠性，同時最小化裝置能源耗損。我們首先將此問題建構成一個最佳化的問題，並說明此問題為NP-complete。接著，我們提出一個高效且低複雜度的方法，該方法包含兩個階段：第一階段，我們儘可能篩選出具有最低耗能且能滿足上傳需求之重要參數集作為預設設置；在第二階段中，我們透過權重機制，針對裝置之預設參數以決定排程順序，再適度調整以符合服務延遲限制，同時最小化能源耗損。經由實驗模擬，其結果顯示本方法具有優異的省電效益，同時能服務較多的裝置連線數。

For 5G wireless communications, the 3GPP Narrowband Internet of Thing (NB-IoT) is one of the most promising technologies, which provides multiple types of Resource Unit (RU) with a special repetition mechanism to improve scheduling flexibility, coverage, and transmission reliability. Besides, NB-IoT supports different operation modes to reuse the spectrum of LTE and GSM, making bandwidth use more efficiently. As IoT devices usually need to operate for very long time, their energy consumption becomes a critical issue. NB-IoT provides discontinuous reception operation to save devices' energy. However, how to reduce transmission energy while ensuring required reliability under these operations is still an open issue. In this paper, we study how to guarantee reliable communication and satisfy devices' quality of service (QoS) while minimizing energy consumption for IoT devices. We first model the optimization problem and prove it to be NP-complete. Then, we propose an energy-efficient, ultra-reliable, and low-complexity scheme, which consists of two phases. The first phase tries to optimize the default transmit configurations of devices which incur the lowest energy consumption and satisfy devices' QoS requirements. The second phase leverages a weighting strategy to balance the urgency and slot availability and ensure delay constraint while maintaining energy efficiency. Extensive simulation results show that our scheme can serve more devices with guaranteed QoS while saving their energy effectively.

摘要i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
Contents iv
List of Figures vi
List of Tables vii
1 Introduction 1
2 Related Work 3
3 Preliminary 5
3.1 NB-IoT Operation Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2 Resource Unit (RU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.3 Repetition Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.4 Downlink Control Information (DCI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.5 Problem Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4 The proposed scheme 15
4.1 Phase 1: Minimal Energy Cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.2 Phase 2: Weighting based Flexible Scheduling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5 Simulation Results 24
5.1 System Throughput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.2 Number of Serving UEs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
5.3 Packet Drop Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
5.4 Resource Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
5.5 Energy Consumption per UE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
6 Conclusion 36
References 37

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