臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

全釩氧化還原液流電池(以下簡稱全釩電池)近年來已應用於再生能源，與太陽光電發電及風力發電機結合，以作為平衡負載及儲能之用。全釩電池具有較低之電流密度，因此需將其應用於較大之碳氈電極則可提升其電流密度及電池之性能。當碳氈電極之活性區大，電池性能會受到電解液分佈之影響，而其電池之設計及操作條件皆會影響電解液分佈之均勻性，因此本研究探討電池設計和操作條件對電解液分佈及電池性能的影響。
本研究第一部分是以模擬方式探討支流設計對電解液在碳氈電極流動均勻性的影響。由於支流設計參數繁多，本研究對支流設計之探討主要著重於主支流及次支流的設計。模擬結果顯示，主支流設計對電解液分佈之影響較為顯著。第二部分則先以小面積之碳氈電極模型進行分析，並與參考文獻之實驗數據進行比對，探討模擬之可行性。接著以較大面積之碳氈電極進行不同操作條件對濃度分佈及局部電流密度之探討。模擬結果表示，流率較高且操作電流密度較低，濃度分佈及電流密度分佈皆為較均勻。第三部分為探討石墨板之無流道及直向流道設計於不同操作條件下對電池性能之影響。由結果得知，其流道設計寬度較小且深度越深，能有較佳之電池性能。

All-vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB) are currently used for load leveling, peak shaving, and energy storing in renewable energy systems (e.g. solar and wind). The VRFB has low current density, so it requires a larger active area of the carbon felt electrode in practical applications. When the active area is large, battery performance could be affected by electrolyte distribution, which is related to battery design and operating condition. As a results, understanding the effect of battery design and operating condition on electrolyte distribution and battery performance is essential in the development of VRFBs.
The first part of this study was to simulate the electrolyte distribution inside the battery. The stream line, velocity field, and pressure distribution of electrolyte within different distribution channel designs were investigated. Modeling results showed that the primary distribution channel has a significant impact on electrolyte distribution within the active area. In the second part, a mathematical model which can describe local current density was developed and calibrated using experimental data. Then the effect of operating condition on electrolyte concentration and local current density was studied using the calibrated model. The results showed that higher electrolyte flow rate and the lower operating current density can improve electrolyte utilization and battery performance. In the third part, the effect of flow channel design on battery performance was investigated. The results showed that more channel number and deeper channel depth improved battery performance.

摘要 II
Abstract III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 XII
符號說明 XIII
第一章 緒論 1
1-1研究背景 1
1-2儲能系統簡介 2
1-2-1物理性儲能系統 2
1-2-2化學性儲能系統 4
1-3全釩液流電池系統簡介 9
1-3-1全釩電池充放電之電化學反應 9
1-3-2全釩電池之架構 10
1-3-3全釩電池之特性 11
1-3-4全釩電池於國際上之應用 12
1-3-5全釩電池之性能曲線 14
1-3-6全釩電池之電荷狀態 17
1-3-7全釩電池之效率 17
第二章 文獻回顧 19
2-1質子交換膜之研究 19
2-2電極材料之研究 21
2-3全釩電池操作模式 23
2-4全釩電池之流道設計 25
2-5全釩電池局部電流密度分佈 29
2-6研究動機 31
2-7研究目的 33
第三章 研究方法 34
3-1全釩電池研究流程及模擬架構 34
3-2模擬分析物理量簡介 35
3-2-1二級電流分佈(Secondary Current Distribution) 36
3-2-2三級電流分佈能斯特-普朗克(Tertiary Current Distribution, Nernst-Planck) 36
3-2-3自由與多孔介質流(Free and Porous Media Flow) 37
3-3支流設計對電解液分佈之影響 37
3-3-1模型假設 38
3-3-2統御方程式 38
3-3-3邊界條件 39
3-3-4模型參數-模型A之基本模型設計 39
3-3-5模型參數-模型B之次支流數目減半 39
3-3-6模型參數-模型C之主支流數目減半 40
3-3-7模型參數-模型D之整合模型B與模型C 40
3-3-8網格生成 41
3-4不同操作條件對局部電流密度分佈之影響 44
3-4-1模型假設 45
3-4-2統御方程式 46
3-4-3邊界條件 49
3-5石墨板之流道設計對電池性能之影響 49
3-5-1無流道之幾何模型 50
3-5-2直向流道之幾何模型 50
3-5-3模型假設 52
3-5-4統御方程式 53
3-5-5邊界條件 53
第四章 結果與討論 54
4-1流場設計對電解液分佈影響之模擬 54
4-1-1流線分佈 54
4-1-2速度分佈 56
4-1-3壓力分佈 58
4-2模擬驗證 60
4-3網格比較 62
4-3-1四面體網格及六面體網格之探討 62
4-3-2電極厚度網格節點數之探討 65
4-3-3電極長度網格節點數之探討 66
4-3-4電極寬度網格節點數之探討 67
4-4不同操作條件之較大面積之碳氈對局部電流密度的影響 68
4-4-1不同操作條件之濃度分佈 69
4-4-2不同操作條件之局部電流密度分佈 70
4-5石墨板之流道設計對電池性能的影響 71
4-5-1無流道及直向流道之濃度分佈影響 72
4-5-2 無流道之性能曲線 73
4-5-3直向流道寬度對電池之性能影響 74
4-5-4直向流道深度對電池之性能影響 75
4-5-5三種流道設計之比較 79
第五章 結論 84
5-1結論 84
5-2未來展望 85
參考文獻 86

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