臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究描述了基於查表法之鋰離子電池一階RC等效電路模型參數的推導，用以估算不同充電電流下的電池端電壓之變化。一階RC等效電路模型由一個理想電壓源、一個電阻和一組電容、電阻並聯電路而組成，用以說明電池於充電實驗下的端電壓變化。以往模型建立皆只使用一組參數，而本文將使用兩組電池模型參數分別是由兩條不同的脈衝電壓曲線計算所得出，一條是於1.176 A脈衝充電電流取得，另一條是於0.84 A脈衝充電電流取得，這兩組電池模型參數用來模擬四階段定電流充電下的電池端電壓變化。由實驗取得之電池端電壓值與模擬值之平均絕對百分比誤差分別為0.28 %和0.55 %，整體看似很準確，但是最大相對誤差高達3%，因為四階段定電流充電方法在不同階段的電流值是變動的，所以只使用一組參數是無法準確的模擬電池端電壓變化，尤其是用於平衡電路設計或以電壓為判斷機制之充電法。為了解決這個問題，本研究提出使用查表法來降低於四階段定電流充電下的模擬值與量測值之電池端電壓均方根誤差，最後所得平均絕對百分比誤差值可降至0.2 %，最大相對誤差可降至1.2 %以內。

This thesis describes a table-based derivation of first-order RC equivalent circuit parameters for a Lithium-ion battery circuit in order to estimate the cell voltage of a battery under different charging currents. The first-order RC equivalent circuit of a battery consisted of one voltage source, one resistance and one resistor-capacitor circuit was able to account for the charging dynamics observed in the experiment. Two sets of parameters for a battery tested at room temperature were derived from two different pulse voltage curves. One was under 1.176 A pulse charging current, and the other was under 0.84 A pulse charging current. Then, the equivalent circuit parameters were used to estimate the cell voltage of a battery with a four-stage constant current (4SCC) charging method. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) between the measured and estimated cell voltages of batteries charged with the 4SCC charging method were calculated to be 0.55 % and 0.28 %, respectively. The overall seems to be very accurate, but the maximum relative error is as high as 3 %. It is not accurate, especially for balancing circuit design or charging method based on voltage. Since the charge current of the 4SCC charging method varies in different stages, using a set of the individual parameters to simulate the cell voltage of a battery charged with the 4SCC charging method is not accurate due to different SOCs (State of Charges) stored at various stages. To solve such problem, this study proposes to use a look-up table approach to mitigate the MAPE of the measured and estimated cell voltage of a battery charged with the 4SCC charging method. The MAPE is reduced to be 0.2 %.

摘要...............................................i
誌謝...............................................viii
目錄...............................................ix
表目錄.............................................xi
圖目錄.............................................xii
符號說明...........................................xiv
第一章 緒論........................................1
1.1 前言...........................................1
1.2 研究動機與目的..................................2
1.3 文獻回顧........................................3
1.4 本論文之貢獻....................................5
1.5 論文架構........................................6
第二章 鋰離子電池之充電方法...........................7
2.1 前言............................................7
2.2 鋰離子電池簡介...................................8
2.3 電池模型介紹.....................................12
2.4 常見充電技術介紹..................................16
第三章 Simulink鋰離子電池模型之建立....................20
3.1 前言.............................................20
3.2 鋰電池模型參數....................................21
3.2.1 ㄧ階等效電路模型參數之Em值.......................23
3.2.2 ㄧ階等效電路模型參數之R0值.......................25
3.2.3 RC並聯電路.....................................27
3.3 參數萃取實驗......................................30
第四章 模型驗證與討論..................................37
4.1 脈衝充電電流所得電池端電壓實驗值與模擬值之比較.......37
4.2 4SCC充電法對電池充電之端電壓實驗值與模擬值的比較.....41
第五章 結論與未來研究方向...............................49
5.1 結論..............................................49
5.2 未來研究方向.......................................50
參考文獻..............................................52

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