臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

美國聯邦通訊委員會於1996年起，明文規定蜂巢式行動電話業者必須提供911緊急救援電話的定位能力，以強化緊急救援能力，因此行動設備定位資訊所帶來之附加價值已在各應用及領域廣泛地被討論。
在定位演算法方面，本論文提出訊號衰減差量 (Signal Attenuation Difference of Arrival; SADOA)、到達時間(Time of Arrival; TOA) 、到達時間差(Time Difference of Arrival; TDOA)混合式定位方案(SADOA/TOA/TDOA)。此定位演算法因結合了不同訊號資訊，進而大幅地增進了定位的精準度。
另外，本論文也提出應用Multidimensional Scaling (MDS)之訊號衰減差量定位演算法(SADOA-MDS)與應用MDS之SADOA/TOA混合式定位演算法(SADOA/TOA-MDS)。藉由虛擬基地台(Virtual Base Station; VBS)的概念，提出ㄧ不需知道基地站(Base Station; BS)與行動裝置(Mobile Station; MS)之間的距離資訊，即可應用SADOA實現以MDS為基礎之定位演算法。
本論文亦提出修正距離比(Corrected Ratio of Distance Algorithm; CRDA)之演算法，此演算法將原來距離比的資訊更近ㄧ步的修正，使得SADOA定位演算法之定位效能更進ㄧ步的提升。
在此，本論文也將SADOA-Weighted、SADOA/TOA/TDOA定位演算法與卡爾曼濾波器(Kalman filtering; KF)或擴展式卡爾曼濾波器(Extended Kalman Filter; EKF)做結合，並進一步探討其追蹤特性。

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) stipulates that cellular providers must provide an accurate location which conform the E-911(Enhanced-911) service. Therefore mobile locations in wireless communications system are extensively researched.
First, this thesis proposes a hybrid location algorithm (SADOA/TOA/TDOA) which based on the hybrid of Signal Attenuation Difference of Arrival (SADOA)、Time of Arrival (TOA) and Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA). This hybrid location algorithm combines different informations of signal such that the location accuracy makes the significant improvement.
Second, this thesis proposes two kind of mobile location estimation via the multidimensional scaling (MDS) technique. One, SADOA-MDS, is based on the Received Signal Strength (RSS) measurements. The other, SADOA/TOA-MDS, is based on the RSS and the Time-Of- Arrival (TOA) measurements.
They carry out location algorithm which based on MDS with SADOA method. Because they use Virtual Base Station (VBS) concept, hence they don’t require accurate path loss modeling.
Third, this thesis proposes Corrected Ratio of Distance Algorithm (CRDA).The algorithm corrected the ratio of distance which based on SADOA method. After using CRDA, which indicates that the performance of SADOA is better than the uncorrected SADOA method’s.
Finally, this thesis proposes SADOA-Weighted、SADOA/TOA/TDOA tracking algorithm via Kalman filtering (KF) or Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and inquire into character of them.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌謝 iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 x
第一章 序論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2研究動機與目的 1
1.3論文架構 4
第二章 射頻定位演算法的介紹 5
2.1 簡介 5
2.2射頻定位演算法 6
第三章 訊號衰減量差定位演算法 10
3.1 簡介 10
3.2 訊號衰減量差量定位演算法 10
3.2.1 利用最小平方法之訊號衰減差量定位演算法 13
3.2.2 利用權重之訊號衰減差量定位演算法 14
3.2.3 利用泰勒級數方法之訊號衰減差量定位演算法 16
第四章 基於訊號衰減差量、到達時間與到達時 間差之混合式定位演算法 18
4.1 簡介 18
4.2基於訊號衰減差量、到達時間與到達時間差之混合式定位演算法 18
4.2.1基於訊號衰減差量與到達時間之定位演算法 18
4.2.2基於訊號衰減差量、到達時間與到達時間差之混合式定位演算法 20
4.3 模擬結果 21
4.4總結 27
第五章 基於MDS之定位演算法 28
5.1 簡介 28
5.2 利用MDS之TOA定位演算法 28
5.3 利用MDS之訊號衰減差量定位演算法 31
5.4 利用MDS之混合型定位演算法 34
5.5 模擬結果 36
5.6 量測結果 42
5.7 總結 44
第六章 修正距離比之定位演算法 45
6.1 簡介 45
6.2 修正距離比之演算法 45
6.3 模擬結果 46
6.4總結 50
第七章 以卡爾曼濾波器為基礎之行動裝置追蹤演算法 51
7.1 卡爾曼濾波器之探討 51
7.1.1 加速度運動之模式 51
7.1.2卡爾曼濾波器 51
7.1.2.1卡爾曼濾波器之方程式 52
7.1.2.2卡爾曼動態方程式 54
7.1.2.3擴展式卡爾曼濾波器 57
7.2 基於權重式訊號衰減差量演算法之行動裝置追蹤演算法 59
7.3 基於訊號衰減差量、達時間與到達時間差之行動裝置追蹤演算法 61
7.4 模擬結果 62
7.5 量測結果 82
7.6 總結 84
第八章 結論 85
參考文獻 87

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