臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究利用2012年 11月至 2015年 12月期間，每月1-2 次的樣本採集暨小單拖船隻日別漁獲紀錄，共同探討臺灣北方三島水域底棲魚類群聚結構與多樣性，及優勢魚種之生殖、肥滿與攝食週期。結果顯示本區拖網漁獲中混獲量大約佔50%左右，而混獲魚種中經濟性物種在數量上佔有20-30%，但重量比例卻超過50%。在多樣性分析方面，無論是經濟或混獲魚種之豐富度、均勻度與歧異度均都是以夏末至秋或冬初之際較高 (9-12月或9-1月)，而春末至夏季相對較低；混獲魚種中稚魚出現的比例以夏末到冬天較高、春天較低，成魚則有相反趨勢。而在群聚結構方面，本區底棲魚類大致可區分為較冷(9-3月) 與較溫暖的 (6-8月) 兩大季節群聚，群聚之形成主要是受到季節的影響，而與棲地及深度較無關聯。另在生物週期方面，多數魚種(含經濟與混獲)在春、夏天生殖，但在夏、秋天顯示高攝食活動，個體並在秋季達最肥滿狀態，而夏天次之。本研究依據上述結果，並配合同區相關經濟魚種的漁業生物學資訊，提出可在春夏季考慮設置禁漁期以保護產卵魚群，並在魚體最肥滿的秋季進行主要的漁業開發，同時限制網目大小，以防止混獲過多稚魚的漁業開發與管理策略，確保北方山島海域底棲魚類資源的永續利用。

The diversity and assemblage of demersal fish, as well as spawning, condition and feeding cycles of the dominant fish species were examined using bi-weekly or monthly samplings and daily catch records from small bottom trawlers operate in surroundings waters of the Three Northern Isles, Taiwan between Nov. 2012 and Dec. 2015. Results indicated that bycatch (both in number and weight) from these vessels was on average, about 50% of the total. These bycatches included ~20-30% (in number), and more than 50% (in weight) of economical important fish species. The species richness, evenness and diversity were higher both for economically important and bycatch species from end of summer to fall or early winter period (i.e., Sept.-Dec or Sept.-Jan.), while they were lower between end of spring to summer period. The percentage of juvenile bycatch also was higher between end of summer to winter, and lower during the spring, which was opposite with that seen in adult fish. Two fish assemblages been identified were roughly corresponding to cooler (i.e., Sept.-Mar.), and warmer (i.e., Jun.-Aug.) seasons for both economic and bycatch species, and these assemblages were not structured by habitat types or water depths. The spawning season of most fish species occurred in the spring and summer. Most fishes also showed high feeding activity during summer-fall period, and reached highest condition factor in the fall, with a second in summer. The optimum exploitation and management strategies including implementation of close season during the spring and summer to protect spawner, and explore the resources with additional mesh size limitations during the fall when most fishes were plump, and juvenile fishes were abundant, are then suggested accordingly to ensure the sustainable use of the demersal fishery resources of the region.

目錄
圖目錄 III
表目錄 IX
中文摘要 XIII
英文摘要 XIV
第一章、前言 1
第二章、材料與方法 4
2.1資料與樣本來源 4
2.2樣本處理與鑑定 4
2.3物種多樣性與群聚結構分析 4
2.4漁獲個體肥滿、成熟及攝食週期之分析 5
2.5下雜漁獲各魚種之體長-體重關係式 6
第三章、結果 7
3.1經濟與混獲物種之比例 7
3.2經濟物種組成 7
3.3混獲物種組成 7
3.4混獲物種中成魚與稚魚之百分比 7
3.5混獲物種中經濟與非經濟性魚種之比例 7
3.6混獲個體肥滿、成熟及攝食週期之分析 8
3.7混獲漁獲中優勢魚種之體長-體重關係式 8
3.8多樣性分析 8
3.9群聚分析 9
第四章、討論 17
4-1樣本採集 17
4-2混獲量變動 17
4-3稚魚出現週期 18
4-4多樣性之季節變動 18
4-5群聚結構之變動 18
4-6生物週期 19
4.7 生態漁業管理之建議 20
參考文獻 22
附圖 30
附表 81

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歐任淳 (2008)，臺灣龜山島海域角魚類之群聚結構分析與優勢種姬角魚Lepidotrila hime之漁業生物學研究。國立臺灣海洋大學海洋事務與資源管理研究所碩士學位論文，85頁。
戴昌鳳 (2008)，北方三島自然資源調查計畫。海洋國家公園管理處委辦理計畫報告。
鍾智辉, 陳作志, & 劉桂茂 (2005)，南沙群島西南陸架區底拖網主要經濟漁獲種類組成和數量變動。中國水產科學，12(6)，796-800。
魏良佑 (2003)，臺灣東北部海域花腹鯖生殖生態學之初步研究。國立臺灣海洋大學環境生物與漁業科學學系碩士學位論文，51頁。
其他
中央氣象局 http://www.cwb.gov.tw/
臺灣底拖漁業資源資料庫 http://coatbp.sinica.edu.tw/homepage.htm
臺灣魚類資料庫 (Fishbase) http://fishdb.sinica.edu.tw/
海洋國家公園管理處 (2016)，北方三島島嶼網頁版: http://www.marine.gov.tw/。
行政院農業委員會漁業署/漁業資訊服務網
http://www.fa.gov.tw/chn/index.php
行政院農業委員會水產試驗所
http://www.tfrin.gov.tw/friweb/index.php
漁業統計年報（2001-2006） ，行政院農業委員會漁業署