臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來在變遷快速與競爭激烈的環境下，非營利組織為維持社會價值與永續經營，不斷找尋多元的發展空間，期望促使組織活化與提升營運績效。社會企業在這樣的脈絡下成為一個新的發展機會。在轉型社會企業的過程中，組織透過不斷改革，逐漸發展出各種不同階段的經營方式，用以掌握環境的變化，快速因應以帶來更有利的生存空間。對內凝聚組織成員共識力量，對外獲取社會認同，持續累積社會資本，網絡關係運作已成為非營利組織企業化的重要經營策略。
隨著國內非營利組織蓬勃發展，學者對於非營利組織企業化經營的成功，皆有許多深入的探討，其中，以社會企業為主的研究大多集中在探討社會企業的概念、社會企業創業精神或社會企業的經營理念。針對於非營利組織其組織變遷的相關文獻，則主要探究轉型變遷過程中的內、外部因素及可能的影響或之後所帶來之衝擊。這些探討觀點對於非營利組織企業化經營雖帶來許多重要的觀點與結論，但卻忽略了非營利組織最重要的網絡策略課題。
因此，本研究希望能整合非營利組織於發展社會企業的經營過程中，從利害關係人網絡互動的角度，探討網絡策略發展情形，如何隨著變革階段，運用網絡關係加以調整出各項關鍵因素與互補性資源，並對網絡策略分別產生的變化，比較出個案於經營歷程中利害關係人的互動與網絡策略轉換的差異，藉此達到本研究的研究目的。
本研究以文獻理論參考以Stryjan (2006)及梅海文(2009)社會企業其社會資本轉化歷程中組織變革模型，分別為「貢獻」、「再製」、「再轉換」及「創投」階段為基礎，結合本研究提出建議的「創立」階段，將各經營歷程劃分為五個階段加以探討，運用DiMaggio & Powell (1983)與Huybrechts, Mertens & Rijpens (2013)將制度環境及資源依賴的市場理論加以區分出相連結的利害關係人，再運用Siu & Bao (2008)網絡發展的四個構面加以探討，提出於轉型社會企業時對其網絡運用建議。

Under technology rapidly changes and highly competitive environment, the non-profit organization in order to maintain social value and sustainable management is constantly looking for diversified development space. Hope to promote the activation and improvement, social enterprise becomes a new opportunity. In this transition process, the organization continuous reforms and gradually develops various management stages. Organization has to grasp the changes and implement necessary solution in order to immediately response. Reinforce to internal consensus and gain the recognition externally, organization is able to accumulate the social capital. Network strategy has become an important business policy for nonprofit enterprise commercialized.
With the vigorous development of non-profit organizations, academics are interesting on successful strategies of non-profit organizations management. There are many in-depth discussion about the social enterprises explore the concept of social enterprise, social entrepreneurship and social enterprise business philosophy. In relevant non-profit organizations evolution literatures are mainly exploring the process internal effect and external impacts. These academics point of view and the thesis conclusions provide many important objectives. However, there is no networks strategy investigation for non-profit organization evolution.
Therefore, this study integrates non-profit organizations evolution process from stakeholder networks interaction to investigate the policy of each stage. Consider each stage of Social Enterprise evolution changes and implement Networks strategy to adapt critical issues. Base on case study, research various Networks strategies and come out the comparisons of each evolution stage, stakeholder interaction and strategy implement plan to achieve the purpose of this study.
Refer to Stryjan (2006) and 梅海文(2009) Social Enterprise courses of social capital model which are “Contributions,” “Reproduction,” “Reconversion” and “Business Venture” stages, combined with suggest “Establish” phase. Restructure the social capital model to five phases, and refer to DiMaggio & Powell (1983) “Institutional Theory” and Huybrechts, Mertens & Rijpens Resource (2013) “Dependency Theory” to identify relevant stakeholder. And then consider Siu & Bao (2008) four dimensions of Networks Development to provide the recommendations when Social Enterprises advancement.

目 錄
第 壹 章 緒論 1
第 一 節 研究背景與動機 1
第 二 節 研究問題與目的 5
第 三 節 章節架構 7

第 貳 章 文獻探討 9
第 一 節 非營利組織文獻探討 9
第 二 節 社會企業文獻探討 21
第 三 節 組織變革文獻探討 33
第 四 節 利害關係人文獻探討 45
第 五 節 網絡理論文獻探討 54
第 六 節 理論模式 64

第 參 章 概念發展 67
第 一 節 個案介紹 67
第 二 節 個案經營歷程網路發展概念 70
第 三 節 本研究概念架構 74

第 肆 章 研究方法與設計 77
第 一 節 研究方法的選擇 77
第 二 節 本研究的定位 79
第 三 節 資料蒐集的方法 80
第 四 節 資料分析程序 85
第 五 節 觀念性架構 86

第 伍 章 個案分析 91
第 一 節 個案發展歷史與組織型態 91
第 二 節 創立階段分析 93
第 三 節 貢獻階段分析 106
第 四 節 再製階段分析 117
第 五 節 再轉換階段分析 132
第 六 節 創投階段分析 150

第 陸 章 發現與建議 151
第 一 節 研究發現 151
第 二 節 建議與實務意涵 166
第 三 節 研究限制與後續研究建議 168

參考文獻 171

表　目 錄
表 2-1-1 非營利組織的定義 14
表 2-1-2 非營利組織的特質 16
表 2-2-1 社會事業光譜 27
表 2-2-2 交叉補貼分析 28
表 2-3-1 組織層級差異對變革領導者的影響 42
表 2-4-1 組織特性與利害關係人差異 49
表 2-4-2 制度環境與同形壓力關係 51
表 4-1-1 研究策略的型態 78
表 5-2-1 創立階段利害關係人分析 96
表 5-2-2 創立階段利害關係人網絡互動分析 102
表 5-3-1 貢獻階段利害關係人分析 107
表 5-3-2 貢獻階段利害關係人網絡互動分析 112
表 5-4-1 再製階段利害關係人分析 120
表 5-4-2 再製階段利害關係人網絡互動分析 125
表 5-5-1 再轉換階段利害關係人分析 134
表 5-5-2 再轉換階段利害關係人網絡互動分析 143
表 6-1-1 利害關係人角色與網絡互動分析 151

圖　目 錄
圖 1-3-1 章節架構與研究流程圖 8
圖 2-2-1 混合光譜 28
圖 2-3-1 組織變革的內外部力量 34
圖 2-3-2 漸進式變革、激進式變革與構造型變革比較 38
圖 2-4-1 主要與次要利害關係人分類 46
圖 2-4-2 以三個構面劃分的利害關係人 47
圖 2-5-1 四種組織經濟活動型態 57
圖 2-6-1 利害關係人網絡策略理論模式 64
圖 3-3-1 概念架構圖 74
圖 4-5-1 本研究觀念性架構圖 86

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