臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文利用微分電路取得電容電流漣波及近似最佳時間控制技術實現定頻磁滯型降壓穩壓器，架構採用電流模式磁滯控制。為了減少依賴輸出電容之寄生電阻以及降低偵測電流資訊時的耗能，本研究採用微分電路感測輸出電壓取得同步於電容電流之斜坡資訊。為了降低穩態誤差，利用誤差放大器取得誤差訊號來調整輸出電壓準位；相較於補償器，此架構擁有較高的頻寬。穩態操作時，藉由磁滯控制的特性，利用含有誤差訊號及斜坡資訊在固定準位之磁滯窗內產生責任訊號。其中，磁滯窗之上界為三角波，可有效減少頻率的變動，降低傳統磁滯控制不定頻的特性。暫態響應時，依據暫態之系統修正量設計誤差訊號增益，藉由感測訊號超越磁滯區間時產生一次的全開或全關加速電感電流追上負載電流加速輸出電壓回復時間。量測結果顯示穩壓器在穩態時切換頻率局限於1MHz左右，在負載變動量為750mA下，回復時間小於4µs。負載為150mA時獲得最高效率92.5%，最大負載為900mA。

This thesis proposes a capacitor-current based fixed frequency hysteretic controlled buck converter using near-optimum technique. To reduce the dependence on the equivalent series resistor (ESR) of output capacitor as well as power consumption while detecting the current information, the current is obtained from a derivative circuit which samples the output voltage. To decrease steady-state error, the error amplifier obtains error signal between the output voltage and reference voltage to adjust DC offset of output voltage. To stabilize the operation frequency in steady state, the derived ramp signal is adopted to refine the upper side of the hysteretic band. During load transient, the designed gain of error signal can decrease the overshoot and undershoot of output voltage and settling time. Testing results show that the designed circuit can restrict the switching frequency around 1MHz. The recovery time is less than 4µs for the 750mA load transient. The maximum efficiency of 92.5% is obtained at 150mA output current, while the maximum output current is 900mA.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 XII
表目錄 XVI
圖目錄 XVII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 2
1.3 論文架構 3
第二章 直流轉直流降壓轉換器概論 5
2.1 切換式穩壓器重要規格 5
2.1.1 線電壓調節率及負載電壓調節率 5
2.1.2 負載暫態響應 6
2.1.3 輸出電壓漣波 8
2.2 傳統控制方法介紹 9
2.2.1 電壓模式控制 (Voltage Mode Control) 10
2.2.2 電流模式控制 (Current Mode Control) 11
2.2.3 漣波模式控制 (Ripple-Based Control) 13
2.2.4 比較 14
第三章 漣波控制型轉換器概論 16
3.1 漣波控制基本原理 16
3.2 漣波控制分類 18
3.2.1 電壓模式磁滯控制 19
3.2.2 固定導通時間控制 22
3.2.3 電流模式磁滯控制 24
3.2.4 V2控制 27
3.2.5 比較 28
第四章 設計考量與系統架構 31
4.1 本研究所提出之控制架構 31
4.2 電容電流偵測 33
4.2.1 電路設計 33
4.3 操作原理 38
4.3.1 穩態操作 38
4.3.2 暫態響應 40
4.3.3 線電壓調節 44
第五章 電路設計與實現 46
5.1 寬擺幅固定轉導偏壓電路 46
5.2 二級式運算放大器 47
5.3 比較器 49
5.4 怠滯區與驅動電路設計 50
5.5 三角波產生電路 51
第六章 模擬及量測結果 54
6.1 模擬結果 54
6.1.1 量測規格 54
6.1.2 穩態操作 55
6.1.3 暫態響應 56
6.2 量測結果 58
6.2.1 量測環境 58
6.2.2 穩態操作 60
6.2.3 暫態響應 63
6.2.4 比較及分析 66
第七章 結論及未來展望 70
7.1 結論 70
7.2 未來展望 71
參考文獻 72

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