臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

科技日新月異，食品工業迅速發展，為符合色香味俱全，因此化學添加劑也愈廣泛應用於各類食品，但不肖業者若是添加過量的食品添加劑例如偶氮苯類染料，導致消費者食用過量而危害人體健康和生活環境。因此本研究的主要目標是發展簡單、方便與快速的樣品前處理技術並結合液相層析二極陣列偵測器 (Liquid Chromatography Diode Array Detector，LC-DAD) 和液相層析儀串聯式質譜儀 (Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometer，LC-MS/MS) 進行定量與定性。
本研究欲發展新穎磁性固相萃取 (Magnetic solid phase extraction) 材料如二氧化矽、碳十八、聚合多巴胺與石墨烯氧化物等修飾性的材料，分別探討 (1) 修飾不同官能基的磁性萃取材料、 (2) 吸附與脫附溶劑、 (3) 吸附與脫附時間、 (4) pH值、 (5) 磁性萃取材料添加量、 (6) 脫附溶劑量與 (7) 磁性萃取材料的穩定性，並建立最佳化的萃取條件，以10 mg的Fe3O4@pDA與Fe3O4@SiO2@C18和20 mM 醋酸銨 (Ammonium acetate，AA) pH 3.0稀釋溶劑，吸附時間分別3 min與30 s， 300 μL與400 μL的甲醇 (MeOH) 為脫附溶劑，脫附時間分別為30 s與1 min，LC-DAD 和LC-MS/MS進行分析。
在最佳化條件下，進行真實樣品 (辣椒粉、咖哩粉與薑黃粉) 分析，Fe3O4@pDA與Fe3O4@SiO2@C18的基質匹配線性範圍皆介於0.025 - 1 (ng g-1) 之間，而在三種不同樣品基質中的最低方法偵測極限 (Method detection limit，MDL) 以及最低定量極限 (Limit of quantification，LOQ) ，在Fe3O4@pDA的部分，各個目標分析物的MDL範圍介於0.0003 - 0.2013 (ng g-1) 之間，而LOQ範圍則介於0.0009 - 0.6711 (ng g-1) 之間。而在Fe3O4@SiO2@C18的部分，各個目標分析物的MDL介於0.0002 - 0.1230 (ng g-1) 之間，而LOQ範圍則介於0.0006 - 0.4098 (ng g-1) 之間。利用其步驟簡單、方便與少量溶劑的使用等優點，達到快速檢測與綠色化學的目的。

Magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) is one of the most interesting sample preparation techniques developed in recent years. In this study, a new, rapid, and efficient MSPE by LC-DAD and LC-MS/MS were established for the extraction and sensitive detection of sunset yellow, Curcumin, methyl red, methyl orange, dimethyl yellow, diethyl yellow, Sudan I, and Sudan III in foodstuff samples. Therefore, several major factors, namely, the type of solvent using as the matrix for extraction, the type of desorption solvent and desorption time, the amount of sorbent, the amount of desorption solvent, and extraction time, were investigated by using a standard solution.
Under the optimized conditions, all analytes could be easily extracted by the proposed MSPE method. Methods detection limits of the eight analytes obtained were 0.0003 - 0.2013 ng g-1 and 0.0002 - 0.1230 ng g-1 when 2 g of foodstuff samples were adopted, respectively. The method was satisfactorily used for the detection of eight analytes, and the recoveries of these targets for the spiked three foodstuff ranged from 3.49 to 169.27 % and from 31.01 to 331.69 %, respectively. These results showed that the proposed method is simple, rapid, sensitive, and suitable for the pre-concentration and detection of the target dyes in foodstuff samples.

摘要 i
Abstract iii
目錄 v
圖目錄 x
表目錄 xvi
第一章、緒論 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.2分析物簡介 4
1.2.1蘇丹紅一號、蘇丹紅三號 (Sudan I，SDI, Sudan III，SDIII) 6
1.2.2日落黃 (Sunset yellow，SSY) 8
1.2.3二甲基黃, 二乙基黃 (Dimethyl yellow，DMY, Diethyl yellow，DEY) 10
1.2.4甲基橙, 甲基紅 (Methyl orange，MO, Methyl red，MR) 12
1.2.5薑黃素 (Curcumin，CCM) 14
1.3文獻回顧 16
1.4樣品前處理 (Sample preparation) 24
1.4.1液液萃取法 (Liquid-Liquid Extraction，LLE) 24
1.4.2固相萃取法 (Solid Phase Extraction，SPE) 25
1.4.3磁性固相萃取法 (Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction，MSPE) 27
1.5液相層析儀結合二極陣列偵測器 (Liquid Chromatography Diode　Array Detector，LC-DAD) 29
1.5.1液相層析儀原理 29
1.5.2二極陣列偵測器 (Diode Array Detector，DAD) 30
1.6 液相層析儀結合串聯式質譜儀 (Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometer，LC-MS/MS) 32
1.6.1液相層析儀原理 (同1.5.1) 32
1.6.2串聯式質譜儀 32
第二章、研究方法 37
2.1實驗架構 37
2.2實驗藥品 38
2.3實驗儀器與設備 40
2.4實驗步驟 41
2.4.1磁性吸附材料製備 41
2.4.2材料鑑定 43
2.4.3樣品前處理步驟 48
2.4.4磁性固相萃取步驟 48
2.4.5液相層析結合二極陣列偵測器的檢量線製備 49
2.4.6液相層析結合二極陣列偵測器儀器分析 50
2.4.7液相層析結合串聯式質譜儀的檢量線製備. 51
2.4.8液相層析結合串聯式質譜儀儀器分析 51
第三章、結果與討論 53
3.1液相層析二極陣列偵測器之分離條件 53
3.2液相層析串聯式質譜儀之分離條件 63
3.3磁性吸附材料鑑定 67
3.3.1傅立葉紅外線光譜儀鑑定 (Fourier Transform Infrared Spetrometry，FTIR) 67
3.3.2熱重分析儀鑑定 (Thermogravimetric Analysis，TGA) 69
3.3.3 X射線繞射分析儀鑑定 (X-Ray Diffraction，XRD) 71
3.3.4超導量子干涉儀鑑定 (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device，SQUID) 73
3.3.5穿透式電子顯微鏡 (Transmission electron microscope，TEM) 75
3.4磁性固相萃取法結合液相層析二極陣列偵測器之最佳化探討 80
3.4.1磁性吸附材料種類對萃取效能的影響 80
3.4.2不同脫附溶劑對萃取效能的影響 94
3.4.3分析物稀釋溶劑種類選擇 97
3.4.4吸附時間最佳化的探討 101
3.4.5脫附時間最佳化的探討 104
3.4.6磁性吸附材料添加量對萃取效能的影響 107
3.4.7脫附溶劑添加量對萃取效能的影響 110
3.4.8磁性吸附材料的穩定性 113
3.5磁性固相萃取法結合液相層析串聯質譜儀之最佳化探討 116
3.5.1磁性吸附材料種類對萃取效能的影響 117
3.5.2不同脫附溶劑對萃取效能的影響 120
3.5.3分析物稀釋溶劑種類選擇 123
3.5.4吸附時間最佳化的探討 127
3.5.5脫附時間最佳化的探討 130
3.5.6磁性吸附材料添加量對萃取效能的影響 133
3.5.7脫附溶劑添加量對萃取效能的影響 136
3.4.8磁性吸附材料的穩定性 139
3.6真實樣品分析 142
3.6.1基質效應 142
3.6.2方法偵測極限、方法定量極限 145
3.6.3回收率 148
3.6.4本研究與其他文獻的比較 151
第四章、結論 153
第五章、參考資料 155

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