臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以披覆過程氧化物極少、結晶性穩定且結合力優異的真空電漿熔射法(VPS)作為披覆製程，選用Ti-6Al-4V為基材，Ta 粉為披覆材，進行三層式熔射，內、中、外層分別使用細、中、粗級顆粒直徑之Ta粉來控制熔融率，以使形成由內至外孔隙率漸增之塗層，基材並進行650 °C之預熱，以提升界面熔合效果。熔射完成後之Ta塗層試件，分別進行機械性質測試以及生醫性質試驗。
研究結果顯示，Ta塗層與Ti-6Al-4V基材之界面可獲得良好結合。此三層式塗層表面之平均孔隙率約13 %、平均粗糙度約Ra:22.2 µm；而塗層截面 (約380 µm厚)之平均孔隙率，由內層之0.6 %漸增至外層的7.6 %，所對應的硬度與彈性模數 (E)則分別由240 HV0.1降至167 HV0.1與148.3 GPa 降至123.1GPa，這將有助於降低塗層之應力遮蔽效應，減少塗層脫落的風險。此外，塗層與基材之結合強度平均可達54.5±2 MPa，其破壞模式均在塗層表面與拉伸棒材之膠合處。在生醫性質上，塗層經鹼處理(1M NaOH)及熱處理(300 °C)後，浸泡人工模擬體液(SBF)至3天時，塗層表面就已幾乎長滿磷灰石，並隨著浸泡時間的增長而增大，其生物活性明顯高於未經鹼熱處理之試件；然而，試片在進行MG-63細胞培植時，不論有無經鹼熱處理試件，在培植至3小時，細胞均已開始往四周蔓延擴展，且隨培植時間越長，蔓延擴展面積越大，二組試件均呈現優異的生物相容性。整體研究結果顯示，以電漿熔射法將Ta披覆至Ti-6Al-4V基材所形成之塗層可獲得優異的結合品質與生物相容性，若再經鹼熱處理則更可大幅提升生物活性。

This study adopts the use of selected vacuum plasma spray (VPS) as the coating process because it produces fewer oxides and has a stable crystalline nature and excellent adhesion during cladding. Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) was chosen as the substrate and Ta powder as the coating material. Spraying was carried out in three layers. The melting rate of Ta powder was controlled by applying fine, medium, and coarse powder particle diameters to the inner, middle, and outer layer respectively to form a coating that increases porosity from inside out. In addition, the substrate was preheated at 650 ° C to enhance the interface fusing effect. After the completing of Ta powder coating, it was examined by mechanical property test and biomedical property test.
Experimental results exhibited that Ta powder coating has a good cohesion with Ti-6Al-4V substrate interface. The average porosity of the coating surface is about 13%, the average roughness is about Ra: 22.2 μm, the average porosity of the cross-section (about 380 μm thick) is increased from 0.6 % of the inner layer to 7.6 % of the outer layer, and the corresponding hardness and elastic modulus (E) are decreased from 240 to 167 HV0.1 and from 148.3 to 123.1GPa, respectively. It then helps reduce the stress shielding effect of the coating and reduce the risk of coats flaking. In addition, the average bonding strength of the coating to the substrate is up to 54.5±2 MPa and the failure mode is in the coating surface and the tensile bar of the glue.
In biomedical property test, when the coating was immersed in the simulated body fluid (SBF) for 3 days after alkali-(1M NaOH) and heat- treatment (300 ° C), the surface was almost full of apatite, which increases according to the soaking time, and the bioactivity is significantly higher than the non- alkali- and heat- treatment term. However, when the test items were cultured in MG-63 cells, the cells had started to spread to the surroundings 3 hours later for both with alkali- and heat- treatment and without alkali-heat treatment. The longer the cultivating time is, the greater the area expands. The two test items showed excellent biocompatibility. The results of the whole study indicate that the coating formed by Ta coating on Ti-6Al-4V substrate by VPS process can obtain excellent bonding quality and biocompatibility, and the bioactivity can be improved by alkali- and heat- treatment.

摘要 I
Abstract II
目次 IV
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
第一章 前言 1
第二章 文獻探討 4
2.1 生醫材料的定義 4
2.1.1 生醫材料的特性 4
2.2 生醫材料的分類 5
2.2.1 金屬生醫材料 6
2.2.2 純鈦與鈦合金種類 8
2.2.3 鉭(Ta)金屬相關研究 10
2.2.4 生醫陶瓷材料 15
2.3 熱熔射技術原理 16
第三章 實驗規劃與流程 19
3.1 實驗規劃 19
3.2 實驗流程 21
3.2.1 基材前置處理方式 21
3.2.2 VPS製程處理及實驗參數規劃 21
3.2.3 熔射粉末 22
3.3 鹼熱處理 23
3.4 體外生物特性研究 24
3.4.1 浸泡人工模擬體液 24
3.4.2 人骨細胞培養 24
3.4.3 細胞表面形態觀察 25
3.5 實驗儀器設備 26
3.5.1 掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM) 26
3.5.2 X-Ray繞射分析儀(XRD) 27
3.5.3 雷射共軛焦顯微分析儀 28
3.5.4 Vickers硬度試驗機 29
3.5.5 熱鑲埋機 30
3.5.6 砂輪切割機 31
3.5.7 恆溫培養箱 32
3.5.8 超高溫熱處理爐 33
3.5.9 萬能試驗機 34
第四章 結果與討論 35
4.1 單一鉭金屬塗層 36
4.1.1 不同電漿熔射功率對塗層特性之影響 36
4.1.1.1 不同電漿熔射功率之塗層表面形貌與粗糙度分析 38
4.1.1.2 不同電漿熔射功率之塗層截面形貌與元素分析 39
4.1.1.3 不同電漿熔射功率之塗層截面硬度分析 44
4.1.2 不同粉末顆粒直徑對塗層特性之影響 45
4.1.2.1 不同粉末顆粒直徑之塗層表面形貌與粗糙度分析 46
4.1.2.2 不同粉末顆粒直徑之塗層截面形貌 48
4.1.2.3 不同粉末顆粒直徑之塗層截面硬度 49
4.1.3 鹼熱處理後之表面形貌分析 50
4.1.3.1 使用不同NaOH濃度之鹼熱處理表面Mapping元素分析 51
4.1.3.2 不同鹼熱處理條件之浸泡SBF後表面形貌分析 54
4.1.3.2.1 使用不同NaOH濃度鹼熱處理對磷灰石生長情況之影響 54
4.1.3.2.2 不同粉末顆粒直徑鉭塗層表面對磷灰石生長情況之影響 55
4.2 漸進多孔Ta金屬塗層 57
4.2.1 漸進多孔Ta金屬塗層之表面形貌、表面粗糙度及截面孔隙率分析 58
4.2.2 漸進多孔Ta金屬塗層之截面硬度 59
4.2.3 Ta金屬漸進式塗層截面之楊氏模數分析 60
4.2.4 漸進多孔鉭金屬塗層之結合強度分析 61
4.2.5 基材與熔射試件經及未經鹼熱處理之磷灰石生長情形 63
4.2.6 浸泡SBF前後之磷灰石生長情況EDS分析 65
4.2.7 各個試件浸泡SBF前後之XRD分析 67
4.2.8 各個試件之表面接觸角分析 70
4.2.9 各個試件細胞貼附之表面形態分析 71
第五章 結論 73
第六章 參考文獻 75

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