臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

技產業是深受矚目的明星產業，各國相繼將其列入國家重點發展項目計畫之中。中國大陸約有13億人口，且近年來國家經濟及國民平均所得快速成長，使中國成為極具潛力及重要的市場。本篇研究以資料包絡分析法中的產出導向差額變數衡量法，針對中國大陸61家上市、上櫃生技製藥廠商，先分別計算各年度的整體技術效率、純技術效率以及規模效率，再以投入項差額分析其分項投入效率。總共有一個產出項（營業收入）和四個投入項（研發費用、員工人數、在建工程、固定資產）的變數投入，估計期間為2010-2015年。本研究結果主要實證發現為：
（1）中國大陸生技製藥產業的生產無效率主要來自於投入過多資源於生產，即純技術效率無效率，整體而言該產業的生產效率仍有很大的進步空間。
（2）中國大陸生技製藥標竿廠商分別為：深圳中國農大科技股份有限公司、麗珠醫藥集團股份有限公司，雲南白藥集團股份有限公司，杭州天目山藥業股份有限公司。這四家廠商的屬性及產品不盡相同。
（3）中國大陸生技製藥廠商的各項投入效率值及順序不盡相同，廠商可根據各自的各項投入效率的來規劃生產投入的資源分配，並向相同屬性之標竿廠商學習，以提升自身的生產效率。

Biotechnology industry is promising and in the limelight, and many nations made it in the priority list of important development plan. Moreover, Mainlan China has over 1.3 billion population and its economics and per capital income grew rapidly in recent years which make it become a potential and important market. This study applies the input- oriented model of slack-based measure (SBM) to assess the production efficiency of 61 Chinese biopharmaceutical firms with 366 panel data from 2010 to 2015. There are four inputs and one output analyzed in this study. The four inputs are number of employee, R&D expense, construction and fixed assets. And the output is sales revenue. Our major findings are as follows: (1) The excesses in inputs are the major source caused the inefficiency of the biopharmaceutical industry in China; namely, the utilization of production resources is inefficient which leaves a lot to be desired. (2) The four benchmarks are Shenzhen Cau Technology Co., Ltd., Livzon pharmaceutical group Inc., Yunnan Baiyao group Co., Ltd. and Hangzhou Tian-Mu-Shan pharmaceutical enterprise Co., Ltd who have various products. (3) The sources of inefficiency for each biopharmaceutical firm are not the same. Therefore, firms are capable to improve their efficiency specifically by exanimating the efficiency scores of each input variables and learning from the benchmarks.

Chinese Abstract …………………………………………… i
English Abstract …………………………………………… ii
Acknowledgement …………………………………………… iii
Table of Contents …………………………………………… iv
List of Tables …………………………………………… v
List of Figures …………………………………………… vi
Ⅰ.Introduction …………………………………………… 1
1.1 Research background and motivation ……………… 1
1.2 Research objectives ………………………………… 3
1.3 Research procedures…………………………………… 3
II. Biopharmaceutical industry in China overview and Literature review …………………………………………… 6
2.1 Biopharmaceutical industry in China …………… 6
2.2 Data envelopment analysis, DEA ………………… 8
2.3 Literature review …………………………………… 9
III. Empirical methodology and data …………………… 12
3.1 Introduction of DEA ………………………………… 12
3.2 SBM-DEA approach …………………………………… 13
3.3 Total-factor input efficiency …………………… 15
3.4 Data collection and variables definition ……… 16
IV. Empirical results and analysis ……………………… 21
4.1 Industry efficiency analysis ……………………… 21
4.2 Benchmarks among biopharmaceutical firms in
China ……………………………………………………… 23
4.3 Input efficiency of biopharmaceutical Firms…… 27
V. Conclusion …………………………………………………… 37
5.1 Main findings …………………………………………… 37
5.2 Suggestion ……………………………………………… 38
5.3 Research limitations and recommendations for future research ………………………………………………………… 38
References ……………………………………………………… 40

Banker, R.D., Charnes A., and Cooper W.W., “Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Efficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis”, Management Science, 30: 1078-1092.,1984.
Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industries Promotion Office, MOEA, Taiwan, “2015 Introduction to Biotechnology and pharmaceutical Industries in Taiwan, Rep. of China”, 2015.
Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industries Promotion Office, MOEA, Taiwan, “Biotechnology industry in Taiwan, 2015”, 2015.
Chang, D.S., Liau, J.G., “Dynamic Analysis of Relative Efficiency for the Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industry in Taiwan”, Industry and Management Forum, 5-2, pp. 1-21, June 2003.
Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W., Rhodes, E., “Measuring the efficiency of decision making units”, European Journal of Operational Research 2, 429-444., 1978.
China Food and Drug Administration, “Blue Book on the Development of China's Medical and Pharmaceutical Market in 2015“, 2015.
Coelli, T.J., “A Guide to Deap Version 2.1: A Data Envelopment Analysis (Computer) Program”. Department of Econometrics, University of New England, Armidale, Australia, 1996.
Farrell, M. J., “The Measurement of Productive Efficiency”, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, A120, 253-81, 1957.
Hall, R. E. and C. I. Jones., “The Value of Life and the Rise in Health Spending”, Quarterly Journal of Economics 122(1):39-72, 2007.
Hsiao, Y. J., “The Productivity and Efficiency Analysis of Biotech Pharmaceutical Industry in Asia”, National Cheng Chi University, Master Degree Thesis, 2009.
Hsieh, P.L., “Technical, Efficiency and Sales Growth Rates of Biotech Firms in Taiwan”, National Ciao Tung University, Master Degree Thesis, 2005.
Hu, J.L., Chang, T.P., “Total-Factor Energy Efficiency and Its Extensions: Introduction, Computation, and Application. Data Envelopment Analysis: A Handbook of Empirical Studies and Applications“, Springer, 45-69., 2016.
Hsu, H.L., “Efficiency of Biotech Firms in Taiwan and Mainland China: An Application of the Extended BCG Matrix”, National Ciao Tung University, Master Degree Thesis, 2007.
Li, T.Y., Yin, L., Cheng Y., “Critical Success Factors of Biotechnology Pharmaceutical Enterprise and Its Revelation for China Enterprises Based on American Top Biotechnology Pharmaceutical Enterprises”, Chinese Journal of Management, 2010-09
Liu, H.H., Chu, P.H., A Study on the Operational Efficiency of Taiwan Biotechnological Industry: An Application of DEA and Malmquist Productivity Index”, Industry and Management Forum, 7-3, pp. 63-100, September 2005.
Tobin, J., “Estimation of Relationships for Limited Dependent Variables”, Econometrica, 26(1), 24-36, 1958.
Tone, K., “A Slack-based Measure of Super-efficiency in Data Envelopment Analysis,” European Journal of Operational Research, 143, 32-41, 2001.
Wu, J.Y., “The Study of Productivity and Efficiency Analysis of Biotechnology Industry in Taiwan and America”, Soochow University, Master Degree Thesis, 2004.
Wu, M.C., “The Technical Efficiency of Medical Manufacturing Industry in Taiwan”, National Central University, Master Degree Thesis, 1997.
Zhang, W.M., Gu, G.P. and Shi, J.S., “Study on the Sustainable Development of Resource of Medicinal Plants” Research and Practice of Chinese Medicines, 2004, 18(5), 2004.
Zhang, X.Z., Wang, C.Y., ”Important factors leading to successful biological pharmacy manufacturers”, Journal of Dalian University of Technology(Social Sciences), 2002-4, pp.47-51.
[Internet Sources]
Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industries Promotion Office, MOEA, Taiwan, http://www.biopharm.org.tw
China Academic Journals Full-text Database, http://oversea.cnki.net/kns55/default.aspx
China Food and Drug Administration, http://www.sfda.gov.cn
China Society for Drug Regulation, http://www.cncsdr.org
Hangzhou Tian-Mu-Shan pharmaceutical enterprise Co., Ltd., http://www.hztmyy.com
Industry and Management Forum, http://www.if.itri.org.tw
Livzon pharmaceutical group Inc., http://www.livzon.com.cn/English
National Bureau of Statistics of China, http://www.stats.gov.cn
National Digital Library of Thesis and Dissertations in Taiwan, http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China, http://www.miit.gov.cn
MENET, http://www.menet.com.cn
Shanghai Stock Exchange, http://www.sse.com.cn
Shenzhen Cau Technology Co., Ltd., http://www.sz000004.cn
Shenzhen Stock Exchange, http://www.szse.cn
The Central People’s Government of the People’s Republic of China, http://www.gov.cn
Yunnan Baiyao group Co., Ltd., http://www.yunnanbaiyao.com.cn