臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

凝固過程中會因為初始條件不同形成不同的微觀結構，因此在凝固領域的研究中，如果能了解溫度與濃度場之變化、凝固顯微結構以及材料性質之間的關連性，利用凝固參數條件之改變來控制凝固顯微結構，減少材料於凝固時缺陷產生。
故本研究針對方向性凝固製備錫鉛合金，使用錫-鉛合金(Sn-15wt.%Pb)以及(Sn-37wt.%Pb)作為研究材料，並搭配磁場研究凝固過程，透過六種實驗組別提供不同實驗參數，分別為初始濃度以及磁場位置，探討巨觀、微觀、溫度曲線、溫度梯度、成長速率、晶粒尺寸以及硬度值。
由不同初始濃度之實驗結果可以發現，含錫濃度較高的時，硬度值較高。而在無磁場與磁鐵相吸的部分，觀察橫切面部位可以發現，由於受到磁場的影響，在施加磁鐵部位因為晶粒細化，中間晶粒尺寸較小，邊緣晶粒尺寸較大。

During the solidification process, different microstructures are formed due to different initial conditions. Therefore, in the study of the solidification, if the relationship among temperature and concentration fields, solidification microstructure and material properties is understood, the solidification parameters can be utilized to control the solidification microstructures and to reduce the occurrence of defects in the material during solidification.
In the thesis, the lead-tin alloys (Sn-15wt%Pb and Sn-37wt%Pb) are used as the testing materials for directional solidification and the magnetic effect is also investigated. Through six experimental cases with different parameters (including initial concentration, the magnet position), the study is to explore the macroscopic and microscopic structures, temperature gradient, growth rate, grain size and hardness value.
From the experimental results of different initial concentrations, it can be found that the hardness value is higher when the tin concentration is higher. The cross-sectional microstructures of the portion without magnetic field is compared with those having magnetic field induced by the mutually attracted magnets. Due to the influence of the magnetic field, the grain size in the middle area is smaller, and the edge grain size is larger.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 IX
目錄 X
表目錄 XIII
圖目錄 XV
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究動機 1
1-2 文獻回顧 3
1-2-1方向性凝固 3
1-2-2電磁凝固 5
第二章 凝固理論模式 10
2-1 凝固過程 10
2-1-1成核階段（Nucleation） 11
2-1-2 晶粒成長與侵犯階段（Growth and Impingement） 13
2-1-3晶粒成長型態 14
2-2方向性凝固模式 15
2-3 電磁凝固理論 16
2-3-1抑制對流與熱電磁對流競爭 16
第三章 實驗設備與方法 25
3-1 實驗設備 25
3-1-1 鑄件外模 25
3-1-2 熔解爐 25
3-1-3 永久磁鐵 26
3-1-4 方向性凝固載台與冷激端設備 26
3-1-5 恆溫循環水槽 27
3-1-6 熱電偶 27
3-1-7 溫度擷取裝置 27
3-1-8 砂心黏著劑 27
3-2 實驗模式 28
3-2-1方向性凝固之實驗模式 28
3-3 材料分析 30
3-3-1 巨觀金相組織觀察 30
3-3-2 顯微金相組織觀察 34
3-3-3 材料機械性質 35
3-3-4 實驗數據整理與計算 36
第四章 結果與討論 56
4-1方向性凝固實驗結果 56
4-1-1暫態溫度量測 57
4-1-1-1冷卻曲線 57
4-1-1-2 成長速率 58
4-1-1-3 溫度梯度 58
4-1-1-4 G/V值及G．V值 59
4-2 巨觀金相組織 59
4-3 微觀金相組織 62
4-3-1 縱切面金相組織 62
4-3-2 橫截面金相組織 64
4-4 材料機械性質 66
第五章 結論 123
5-1 結論 123
參考文獻 125

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