臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

防砂壩為重要的土石流防護設施，在進行防砂壩設計時，工程上經常忽略土石流衝擊力對壩體的影響，然而衝擊力對壩體的安定性至關重要。過去許多專家學者以顆粒流試驗探討顆粒材料對結構體的衝擊力影響，隨著電腦輔助工程分析軟體的進步，有限元素法已被廣泛應用在大地工程上，然而傳統的有限元素法容易在材料大變形區域，發生網格扭曲造成數值解不精確等問題，因此科學家發展了耦合歐拉－拉格朗日(CEL)技術，結合歐拉分析與拉格朗日分析的優點，避免了網格扭曲、畸變等問題。
本文欲以近年來發展的CEL技術，結合Mie-Gruneisen 狀態方程式與賓漢流體模型，探討顆粒材料之動態行為。首先進行顆粒柱崩落模擬，驗證了顆粒柱崩塌至堆積的流動型態，證實組成律模型與 CEL技術對顆粒流動態分析之適用性，並由模擬結果歸納出本研究所選用的組成律模型參數之代表性。接著進行顆粒流衝擊模擬，模擬顆粒材料在不同傾斜角度下撞擊剛性結構體的衝擊力與堆積行為，發現流動速度、流動深度、堆積型態與坡度有關，亦與衝擊力相關，並回歸出不同坡度下擋板的攔砂率，最後將模擬結果與現行經驗公式進行比較，討論了靜態公式、動態公式與CEL模型的準確度，結果表明CEL技術是一個強大的數值模擬分析工具，對於模擬流固耦合問題能有很好的應用。

Granular flows, such as debris and flow-like landslides, have caused increasing catastrophic destructions and casualties worldwide. To deal with hazards associated with granular flows, protection functions of facilities, including impact force, sediment trap, and retention should be carefully evaluated prior to project designs. In this study, a Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) technique was applied to characterize the dynamic behaviors and flow-structure interactions of granular flows. The CEL technique, combining Eulerian and Lagrangian algorithms, is capable of overcoming mesh distortions of conventional FEMs. By calibrating sandbox tests of granular column collapses, the mobility of the granular flow was simulated by combing the equations of state (EOS) and Bingham plastics constitutive models. The correlations of the parameters of various constitutive models were evaluated by simulations of granular column collapses. In addition, the granular impacts were assessed by the CEL technique considering incline angles of 45 to 65 degrees. The impact force simulated by CEL technique was compared with the predictions of empirical formulas, and the retention ratios at different incline angle conditions were also analyzed. Based on the results, the CEL technique is considered applicable for characterizing dynamic behaviors of the granular flows.

摘要 I
誌謝 IX
目錄 X
表目錄 XIII
圖目錄 XIV
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2研究動機 2
1.3 研究目的 3
第二章 文獻回顧 5
2.1 土石流 5
2.1.1 土石流定義與特徵 5
2.1.2 土石流種類 6
2.1.3 危害方式 7
2.1.4 防護設施 8
2.2土石流災害引致結構體破壞案例 9
2.3 土石流衝擊力評估 11
2.3.1 現行經驗公式 11
2.3.2 物理試驗 13
2.3.3數值模擬 15
2.4耦合歐拉－拉格朗日技術 (CEL) 17
2.5組成律模型 20
第三章 研究方法 40
3.1 模型建置 40
3.1.1 顆粒柱崩落模型 41
3.1.2 顆粒流衝擊模型 44
3.2 組成律模型參數 45
3.3 正規化幾何參數 46
3.4 模擬之收斂性分析 47
第四章 顆粒柱崩落模擬 55
4.1 模型參數驗證 55
4.2 顆粒流動行為 58
4.3 組成律模型參數對應之大地材料 60
第五章 顆粒流衝擊模擬 69
5.1顆粒流衝擊試驗模擬 69
5.1.1參數組1之模擬結果 69
5.1.2衝擊力之參數敏感度分析 70
5.2顆粒流對擋板之衝擊力 71
5.3流動形態與攔砂率 73
5.3.1 流動型態 73
5.3.2 攔砂比率 75
5.4最大衝擊力之評估 76
5.4.1靜態公式與CEL 模擬之比較 77
5.4.2 動態公式與CEL 模擬之比較 78
第六章 結論與建議 94
參考文獻 97
附錄 103
附錄一、委員意見回覆表 103

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