臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

因現地土壤之含水量通常是介於乾燥與飽和之非飽和狀態下，且在大地工程中，無論是道路、鐵公路、機場跑道或是邊坡工程等，都是使用夯實土壤，所以在工程設計上除了考慮土壤之非飽和狀態外，非飽和土壤之夯實狀態也是必須要慎重考慮的。本研究進行一系列室內實驗來求取不飽和夯實土壤之完整土壤水份特性曲線，之後再藉由完整之土壤水份特性曲線推估不飽和土壤之工程參數，並探討不同之夯實能量及含水量對非飽和夯實紅土之土壤水份特性曲線之影響。
試驗結果顯示，因乾側夯實紅土試體之土壤顆粒結構為土團構造，所以其吸水能力較最佳含水量、濕側及原狀紅土高，在低基質吸力時其體積含水比較大。但因乾側夯實紅土試體之保水能力差，隨著基質吸力之增加，其體積含水比下降較明顯，因此在高基質吸力時其體積含水比反而較最佳含水量、濕側及原狀紅土為低。而由基質吸力試驗結果及推估公式所求得不飽和土壤之總凝聚力參數顯示，不論是低夯實能量或高夯實能量，夯實紅土在O.M.C含水量下之總凝聚力參數C皆較乾側及濕側為大。

Because the water content of the in-situ soil is usually in unsaturated state which lies in between dry and fully saturated conditions. For many engineering project such as railway, highway, airport or slope engineering, compacted soils are often used. So, in the engineering analysis, it is essential to consider the influence of compaction conditions on the unsaturated soil behavior. A series of laboratory tests were conducted to determine the complete soil-water characteristic curve of the compacted lateritic soils. The engineering parameters of the compacted unsaturated soils were also evaluated by the complete soil-water characteristic curves. In addition, the influences of different Proctor energy and water content on the soil-water characteristic curve of the unsaturated compacted lateritic soils were also studied.

The experimental results of show that, because the dry of optimum compacted lateritic soils exhibit massive soil structure, the initial water content is larger than that of O.M.C, wet of optimum of compacted lateritic soils and the undisturbed lateritic soils. As a result, the volumetric water content is the largest at low matric suction for the dry of optimum compacted soils. The ability of holding water is the lowest for the dry of optimum compacted soils. So, when the matric suction increases, the volumetric water content decreases significantly. As a result, its volumetric water content is lower than that of O.M.C, wet of optimum and the undisturbed soils at high matric suction. The results derived from the empirical formula and laboratory suction measurements shows that the total cohesion of lateritic soils compacted at O.M.C. is larger than that of dry of optimum and wet of optimum.

目 錄

論 文 摘 要 І
Abstract II
致謝 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII

第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 研究內容及流程 2

第二章 文獻回顧 4
2.1 不飽和土壤性質 4
2.1.1 土壤基質吸力 (Matric Suction) 5
2.1.2 土壤水份特性曲線 7
2.1.3 不飽和土壤之剪力強度 9
2.2 夯實土壤性質 10
2.2.1 夯實能量與夯實曲線 11
2.2.2 夯實土壤之工程行為 11
2.3 夯實土壤之微觀性質 14
2.3.1 紅土微觀土粒結構 14
2.3.2 夯實黏土微觀特徵 16
2.4 夯實土壤之吸力行為 17
2.5 夯實能量對基質吸力之影響 19
第三章 試驗計劃、儀器與方法 35
3.1 試驗計劃 35
3.2 試驗土樣來源及基本物理性質試驗 36
3.3 夯實試驗 36
3.3.1 ASTM規範之夯實試驗 36
3.3.2 研製之縮小夯實模 38
3.4 土壤微觀試驗 39
3.4.1 掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)試驗 39
3.4.2 X-Ray繞射試驗(XRD) 42
3.5 土壤水份特性曲線試驗 44
3.5.1 壓力平板試驗(Pressure Plate Test) 44
3.5.2 鹽溶液試驗(Salt Solution Test) 46
3.5.3 濾紙法試驗(Filter Paper Method Test) 47

第四章 試驗結果與分析 68
4.1 試驗土樣基本物理性質 68
4.2 夯實試驗結果 68
4.3 土壤微觀試驗結果 69
4.3.1 SEM試驗結果分析 69
4.3.2 X-Ray繞射試驗分析 70
4.4 土壤水份特性曲線試驗結果 72
4.4.1 壓力平板試驗結果 72
4.4.2 鹽溶液試驗結果 74
4.4.3 濾紙法試驗結果 74
4.4.4 完整土壤水份特性曲線 75
4.5 夯實狀態對土壤水份特性曲線之影響 77
4.5.1 夯實能量對基質吸力之影響 77
4.5.2 含水量對基質吸力之影響 78
4.5.3 原狀與夯實紅土之土壤水份特性曲線比較 79
4.6 由土壤水份特性曲線推估不飽和土壤之工程參數 80
4.6.1 利用土壤水份特性曲線推估不飽和土壤剪力強度
參數 80
4.6.2 利用土壤水份特性曲線推估不飽和土壤之滲透係數 82

第五章 結論與建議 138
5.1 結論 138
5.2 建議 139

參考文獻 140

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