臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文是探討在25C下利用酸性萃取劑二(2-乙基己基)磷酸，以煤油作為稀釋劑，分別探討萃取釔和鑭單成分系統及釔和鑭雙成分系統之萃取平衡實驗，將所得的萃取平衡數據，探討反萃取時所需硝酸濃度、pH值、萃取劑濃度等因素對萃取反應的影響。
由實驗數據可得，以酸性萃取劑D2EHPA萃取釔和鑭單成分系統以及釔和鑭雙成分系統平衡實驗中，釔和鑭之萃取分配比會隨著萃取劑濃度及pH值增加而增加，並由圖解分析法可得有機錯合物組成。
在釔的單成分系統中，所形成的有機錯合物為YA3(HA)和YA3(HA)2。其萃取平衡常數為KY31 = 3.305 kmol/m3和KY32 = 87.42 (kmol/m3)0.5；在鑭的單成分系統中，所形成的有機錯合物為LaA3(HA)3和LaA3(HA)4。其萃取平衡常數為KLa33 = 0.0338和KLa34 = 0.1961 (kmol/m3)-0.5。
在釔和鑭雙成分系統中，發現有乳化現象產生，並且釔在雙成分萃取系統中的萃取效率很高，另一個元素鑭在雙成分萃取中效率並不佳。

In this study, the equilibrium of the separation of Yttrium(III) and Lanthanum(III) by solvent extraction methods were investigated at 25C；meanwhile, the acidic extractants D2EHPA was used. It began with the extraction equilibrium of Yttrium(III) and Lanthanum(III) in extractants-kerosene solution and extractants-aqueous solution, and eventually the mixed Yttrium(III) and Lanthanum(III) extractants-aqueous solution was studied.
The experimental results indicated that the extraction distribution ratio of Yttrium(III) and Lanthanum(III) increased with either of rising concentrations of extractant in the organic phase or equilibrium pH values in the aqueous phase. Moreover we could realize the composition of the extractants through the graphical and numerical analysis.
The composition of Y(NO3)3/D2EHPA complex formed in the organic phase were found to be YA3(HA), YA3(HA)2, and at the same time the respective corresponding equilibrium constants were KY31 = 3.305 kmol/m3 , KY32 = 87.42 (kmol/m3)0.5 ; The composition of La(NO3)3/D2EHPA complex formed in the organic phase were found to be LaA3(HA)3, LaA3(HA)4, and furthermore the respective corresponding equilibrium constants were KLa33 = 0.0338 , KLa34 = 0.1961 (kmol/m3)-0.5.
The system of Y(NO3)3, La(NO3)3/D2EHPA emulsions was formed. In addition, Yttrium(III) in Y(NO3)3, La(NO3)3/D2EHPA has high extraction efficiency. In contrast to the Yttrium(III) the Lanthanum(III) in Y(NO3)3, La(NO3)3/D2EHPA has poor extraction efficiency.

摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌謝 iv
目錄 v
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 6
1.3 論文研究架構 9
第二章 文獻回顧 10
2.1 釔和鑭的性質 10
2.1.1 釔的性質 10
2.1.2 鑭的性質 11
2.2 溶劑萃取技術 13
2.2.1 溶劑萃取原理 15
2.2.2 萃取反應式 17
2.2.3 萃取平衡常數 18
2.2.4 萃取分配比 19
2.2.5 萃取百分率 20
2.3 萃取劑的分類及選擇 21
2.3.1 萃取劑的分類 21
2.3.2 萃取劑的選擇 28
2.4 稀釋劑的用途及選擇 29
2.5 酸性萃取劑的萃取原理 31
2.6 酸性萃取劑的反萃取原理 34
2.7 溶劑萃取過程乳化、泡沫的形成及其消除 35
2.7.1 概述[13,14,16,52,59-63] 35
2.7.2 萃取過程乳化、泡沫產生的原因[13,14,16,52,59-63] 36
2.7.3 乳狀液的鑑別 39
2.7.4 乳化與泡沫的預防與消除[13,14,16,52,59-63] 40
第三章 實驗部分 42
3.1 實驗設備及藥品 42
3.1.1 實驗藥品 42
3.1.2 實驗設備 46
3.2 實驗方法 48
3.2.1 釔(III)之反萃取率實驗 48
3.2.2 鑭(III)之反萃取率實驗 48
3.2.3 釔(III)單成分系統之萃取平衡實驗 49
3.2.4 鑭(III)單成分系統之萃取平衡實驗 50
3.2.5 釔(III)和鑭(III)雙成分系統之萃取平衡實驗 51
3.3 實驗流程圖 53
第四章 結果與討論 54
4.1 反萃取實驗 54
4.1.1 釔(III)和鑭(III)以D2EHPA萃取之反萃取率實驗 54
4.2 萃取平衡實驗 57
4.2.1 單成分釔(III)萃取平衡實驗 57
4.2.2 單成分鑭(III)萃取平衡實驗 68
4.2.3 釔(III)和鑭(III)雙成分系統之萃取平衡實驗 79
4.2.4 釔(III)和鑭(III)之分離係數 89
4.3 乳狀液的類型和分析 93
4.3.1 乳狀液的類型 93
4.3.2 SEM分析 96
4.3.3 FT-IR光譜分析 97
第五章 結論 99
符號說明 102
參考文獻 104

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