臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以一國內受石油碳氫化合物污染之地下水場址為案例，以永續性綠色整治評估工具（Sustainable Remediation Tool，SRT）軟體進行評估，利用不同地下水污染場址整治方法，評估污染整治時期所需消耗之能源及整治費用，以及目前極關切之議題：如各種整治過程中產生之溫室效應氣體。本研究依美國空軍單位所研發之永續性綠色整治評估工具（Sustainable Remediation Tool，SRT）來進行污染場址之模擬，研究結果可有效評估各種整治工法對環境造成的影響，以作為決策者或執行者進行整治工法篩選及整治效益評估之依據。以往污染責任承擔者或企業主因選擇錯誤的整治方法而成效不彰，且無法徹底整治完成，導致最終清理環境需付出龐大的整治經費，亦未能讓整體環境以更友善的整治工法作為技術上的選擇，故責任承擔者為迅速達到法規標準所使用的整治方法，在過程往往消耗大量的能源與資源，期間亦伴隨產生大量的廢水、廢氣與廢棄物，使得整體自然環境造成相當大的威脅與衝擊，等同於二次污染行為，導致污染整治所發揮的經濟效益相對降低。故綠色整治方式漸漸孕育而生，其主要是在執行整治時必須盡量與相關再甦方案結合，詳盡考慮所有對環境可能產生衝擊，並採取對整體環境最大淨化效益之清理行動方案，以要求對環境及生態等做到最小衝擊。而本研究受石油碳氫化合物污染之地下水場址經由SRT模式模擬，選用較符合綠色整治方式進行評估比較，故以加強生物整治法(Enhanced Bioremediation, EB)及監測式自然衰減法（Monitored Natural Attenuation, MNA)，二種較符合綠色環保之整治方式進行SRT模式評估，藉此比較兩種方式應用在石油碳氫化合物污染場址之整治效益上的區別，經SRT模式模擬結果顯示，以EB及MNA為整治工法時，使用EB及MNA所釋放之溫室氣體排放CO2分別為EB32 tons及MNA1.5 tons；NOx分別為EB0.19 tons及MNA0.009 tons；SOx分別為EB0.058 tons及MNA0.0026 tons；PM10分別為EB0.0094 tons及MNA0.0004 tons。在總能源消耗分別為EB81,000 kWh及MNA 3,600 kWh。技術成本之模擬結果顯示，於整治期間EB及MNA整治方案預估將花費$1,200,000及$200,000。故研究發現以MNA來進行污染整治，於整治期間費用及溫室氣體排放量等方面皆可得到較高的效益且較符合綠色整治的效果。

In this study, a country affected by petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater sites for the case to green remediation sustainability assessment tool (Sustainable Remediation Tool, SRT) software to evaluate the use of different methods of groundwater contaminated site remediation, remediation assessment period The energy consumption required and remediation costs, and currently very concerned about the question: If the remediation process produces a variety of greenhouse gases. In this study, developed by the U.S. Air Force units in the green remediation sustainability assessment tool (Sustainable Remediation Tool, SRT) for the simulation of contaminated sites, the findings can effectively evaluate various remediation work on the environmental impact of the law, as a decision-maker or remediation work performed by screening and remediation benefit assessment method basis. Assume responsibility for the pollution in the past mainly due to the wrong choice or enterprise remediation methods ineffective and unable to complete a thorough renovation, leading to the final clean up the environment will have to pay a huge renovation funds, nor make the whole environment more friendly to labor law as a technical regulation choice, therefore duty-bearers to meet regulatory standards rapidly remediation methods used in the process often consumes a lot of energy and resources, is also accompanied by a large amount during the period of wastewater, waste gas and waste, making the overall natural environment caused considerable threat and shock, equivalent to the behavior of secondary pollution, causing pollution remediation played relatively lower cost. Green Remediation way it gradually bred, which is mainly in the implementation of remediation must try to re-Soviet program combines with relevant and detailed consideration of all potential impacts on the environment, and to take on the overall environmental benefits of the clean-up operations largest cleanup program to require and so do the minimum environmental and ecological impact. In this study, groundwater contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons site via SRT model simulations, using more in line with environmental remediation methods evaluated comparing it to enhance bioremediation (Enhanced Bioremediation, EB) and Monitored natural attenuation (Monitored Natural Attenuation , MNA), two kinds of regulation more in line with the way Green SRT model assessment, to compare the two methods used in petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated sites remediation effectiveness of the difference, the SRT model simulation results show that with EB and MNA as a remediation engineering methods, the use of EB and MNA released CO2 greenhouse gas emissions were EB 32 tons and MNA 1.5 tons; NOx were EB 0.19 tons and MNA 0.009 tons; SOx were EB 0.058 tons and MNA 0. 0026 tons; PM10 were EB 0.0094 tons and MNA 0.0004 tons. While the total energy consumption was EB 81, 000 kWh and MNA 3,600 kWh. Simulation results show that the cost of the technology, and the MNA for remediation remediation programs during the EB estimate will cost $ 1,200,000 and $ 200,000. Therefore, studies found that MNA for remediation, remediation expenses for the period in greenhouse gas emissions and other aspects can get higher efficiency and more in line with environmental remediation effect.

目 錄
論文審定書 i
謝 誌 ii
摘 要 iii
Abstract iv
目 錄 vi
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 xi
第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2 研究目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 地下水油品污染來源 3
2.1.1 石油碳氫化合物之特性及其危害 4
2.1.2 石油碳氫化合物之管制標準 7
2.2 土壤及地下水整治技術發展趨勢 8
2.3監測式自然衰減 (monitored natural attenuation, MNA) 9
2.3.1基本原理 9
2.3.2自然衰減機制 10
2.3.3自然衰減優缺點及使用限制 16
2.3.4自然衰減評估參數介紹 17
2.3.5監測式自然衰減於實場之案例 18
2.4 綠色整治技術 20
2.5 生物復育技術之定義 21
2.6 現地加強式生物整治技術 21
2.7 石油碳氫化合物之生物分解 23
2.8土壤及地下水永續性綠色整治評估工具 27
2.8.1永續性綠色整治技術 28
2.8.2永續性綠色整治評估工具 29
第三章 場址背景介紹 42
3.1 場址調查 42
3.1.1場址背景 42
3.2場址特性 43
3.2.1地形條件 43
3.2.2地質條件 44
3.2.3氣候條件 46
3.2.4地表水文 48
3.2.5水文地質 49
3.2.6地下水文 51
3.3污染物、污染範圍及污染程度 52
3.3.1桃園縣環保局調查結果 52
3.3.2中油公司補充調查結果 54
3.3.3中油公司污染改善成效評估結果 58
3.3.4中油公司「改善計畫書」定期監測結果 61
3.3.5自然衰減採樣分析 68
3.4永續性綠色整治評估工具 73
3.4.1評估平台 73
3.4.2評估架構 74
3.4.3第一階系統( Tier 1 System) 77
3.4.4第二階系統( Tier 2 System) 77
3.4.5第一階( Tier 1)與第二階( Tier 2)的選用差異 78
第四章 結果與討論 79
4.1 SRT評估模式 79
4.2 SRT模式第一階段評估 79
4.3 SRT模式第二階段評估 85
4.4 SRT模式評估結果討論 88
第五章 結論與建議 93
5.1結論 93
5.2建議 94
參考文獻 95

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