臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由接近等原子成分比所組成的NiTi合金，因其特有的形狀記憶效應(Shape Memory Effect ,SME)，為致動器領域帶來一大衝擊，本研究以固定應變(Constant-strain)的方式對NiTi線材進行熱疲勞測試，實驗以不同線徑(0.100 mm、0.127 mm、0.150 mm)和兩種不同奧氏體轉變溫度(Af 70℃ 和Af 80℃)之鎳鈦合金線，將其掛載固定應變測試機上，以設定之電流值(480 mA、650 mA、800mA、840 mA)，進行在固定應變(範圍1 ~ 5%)下不同線徑和工作溫度間的熱疲勞測試，實驗結果顯示，在應變1 ~ 5 %的範圍中，Af 80℃線材壽命基本上隨應變值的上升而下降，最大值與最小值分別達到了約30000及2000次，然而0.150mm線徑、Af 70℃的樣本卻一如反常隨應變值自1 %上升到5 %，其疲勞壽命從10000次左右上升至了20000次，研判主要原因是由R相所引發的應力誘發麻田散體為線材提供了較佳的強度和抵抗疲勞的能力所致，且R相的存在也使0.150(70)擁有更好的功能疲勞穩定性，使線材熱循環收縮應力衰弱幅度僅約20 %左右，比其他的三種疲勞樣本衰減率低了一半以上。

Nitinol alloy consisting of equal amounts of Ni and Ti (49: 51 atom%) has a unique shape memory effect (SME), which has a great impact on the field of actuators. In this study, the thermal fatigue test of Nitinol wire was performed by constant-strain. The experiment was carried out with different wire diameters (0.100 mm, 0.127 mm, 0.150 mm) and two different austenite transformation temperatures (Af 70 °C and Af 80 °C). Nitinol wire, which is mounted on a fixed strain tester with fixed strain (1 ~ 5%) and set the current value (480 mA, 650 mA, 800 mA, 840 mA) for thermal fatigue test. The experimental results of Af 80°C wire with different fixed strain shows that wires on small fixed strain has longer fatigue life than bigger ones. On the other Af 70 °C wire shows different results. The strain value increases with its fatigue life rises from 10,000 times to 20,000 times. The main reason for the investigation is that Stress-Induced Martensitic by the R phase causes to provide the better strength and fatigue property for the wire, and the presence of the R phase also gives 0.150 (70) better functional fatigue stability, so that the thermal cycle shrinkage stress of the wire is much lower than others.

摘要 iii
ABSTRACT iv
誌謝 v
目錄 vi
表目錄 ix
圖目錄 x
第一章、前言 1
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1形狀記憶合金簡介 3
2.1.1熱彈性麻田散體 3
2.1.2 R相簡介 5
2.1.3形狀記憶效應 7
2.1.4超彈性 8
2.2熱循環對NiTi合金的影響 9
2.2.1相變態溫度變化 9
2.2.2功能疲勞 10
2.2.3結構疲勞 12
2.3影響NiTi合金疲勞壽命的因素 15
2.3.1雜質或析出物 15
2.3.2 Ni含量 17
2.3.3不同相的抗疲勞能力 17
2.4熱機械循環之測試方法 19
2.4.1固定應力測試 19
2.4.2固定應變測試 19
第三章 實驗方法與步驟 22
3.1實驗原理 22
3.2實驗規劃 23
3.3線材性質確認 25
3.3.1線材規格 25
3.3.2相變溫度確認 26
3.3.3拉伸性質確認 28
3.4形狀記憶合金收縮力測試機 30
3.4.1收縮力測試機簡介 30
3.4.2輸出電流測試 33
3.5疲勞實驗步驟 35
3.5.1疲勞實驗流程 35
3.5.2疲勞拉伸參數設定 36
3.5.3疲勞電流參數設定 38
3.6儀器分析 42
3.6.1 SEM破斷面觀察 42
3.6.2 X光繞射分析儀 44
第四章 結果與討論 45
4.1線材基本性質分析 45
4.1.1差示掃描熱分析(DSC)結果 45
4.1.2拉伸性質結果 48
4.2固定應變熱疲勞結果 50
4.2.1 0.100 mm(80)結果 50
4.2.2 0.127 mm(80)結果 51
4.2.3 0.150 mm(80)結果 52
4.2.4 0.150 mm(70)結果 53
4.3功能疲勞結果 55
4.3.1 0.100 mm(80)收縮應力演變結果 55
4.3.2 0.127 mm(80)收縮應力演變結果 57
4.3.3 0.150 mm(80)收縮應力演變結果 59
4.3.4 0.150 mm(70)收縮應力演變結果 61
4.4破壞形貌分析 63
4.4.1 0.100(80)之破壞形貌 63
4.4.2 0.127(80)之破壞形貌 66
4.4.3 0.150(80)之破壞形貌 69
4.4.4 0.150(70)之破壞形貌 72
4.5 XRD分析結果 76
4.6疲勞結果探討 79
4.6.1不同相與應變值差異對熱循環疲勞的影響 79
4.6.2不同相組成對功能疲勞的影響 79
4.6.3破斷形貌之探討 81
4.6.4 R相的抗疲勞能力探討 82
第五章、結論 84
第六章、未來展望 85
參考文獻. 86

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