臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

無線射頻辨識系統由於易受多路徑衰減的影響，造成訊號干擾及鏈結品質不穩定，故以多入多出超高頻被動射頻辨識標籤搭配對應之讀取器來改善此問題。

本論文以Ettus Research所開發之通用軟體無線電平台─Universal Software Radio Peripheral來作為軟體無線電讀取器以配合本研究室開發之多入多出標籤。在順向鏈結方面，標籤天線以正交極化方式將信號進行選擇性合併以提高接收功率；反向鏈結方面，標籤反向散射空時區塊編碼信號，讀取器端使用最大比合併技術獲得分集增益，因此改善了多路徑衰減的影響。

另外，本論文亦在同一USRP平台上將美國華盛頓大學研究的無線識別傳感器平台與多入多出標籤進行效能的比較，並呈現與討論實驗之數據結果。

The multi-path fading causes signal interference and unstable link quality easily for Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems. To overcome this problem, a 925MHz Multi-input Multi-output (MIMO) UHF passive RFID tag and its corresponding reader are realized in this thesis.

In this work, we use the Ettus Research's Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP), which is a software defined radio (SDR) platform, to implement a reader for MIMO UHF passive RFID tag.

In the forward (Reader to Tag) link, the RFID tag with antenna orthogonal polarization diversity uses selective combining technique to improve its received power. In the reverse (Tag to Reader) link, the tag backscatters space-time block coded signals, and the reader uses maximum ratio combining technique to obtain diversity gain to alleviate the multi-path fading problem.

In this work, we also compare the performance of Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) developed by the University of Washington with MIMO tag using the same USRP, and we present and discuss the experimental results.

摘要 .................................................. i
ABSTRACT ............................................. ii
目錄 ................................................ iii
圖目錄 ................................................ v
表目錄 .............................................. vii
符號彙整 ........................................... viii
第1章 序論 ............................................ 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 ................................. 1
1.2 章節概述 ....................................... 2
第2章 文獻回顧 ........................................ 3
2.1 通用軟體無線電帄台 ............................. 3
2.1.1 GNU Radio 的介紹 ......................... 3
2.1.2 USRP 的介紹 .............................. 5
2.2 單天線WISP 標籤簡介............................. 6
2.2.1 WISP 標籤架構 ............................ 6
2.2.2 標籤回傳訊號編碼 ......................... 7
2.3 WISP 標籤之讀取器............................... 8
2.3.1 盤點通訊流程 ............................. 8
2.3.2 WISP 讀取器架構 ......................... 10
2.4 MIMO 標籤簡介 ................................. 16
2.4.1 MIMO 標籤架構 ........................... 16
2.4.2 標籤回傳訊號編碼 ........................ 19
第3章 MIMO 標籤讀取器設計 ............................ 21
3.1 MIMO 標籤之讀取器 ............................. 21
3.1.1 通訊模式 ................................ 22
3.1.2 傳送端設計 .............................. 23
3.1.3 接收端設計 .............................. 23
3.2 基頻訊號處理 .................................. 25
3.2.1 估測器設計 .............................. 25
3.2.2 訊號同步器 .............................. 29
3.2.3 解碼器設計 .............................. 31
第4章 實驗量測 ....................................... 36
4.1 微波無反射實驗室量測 .......................... 36
4.2 會議室量測 .................................... 40
4.2.1 會議室Round Trip 分析 ................... 42
4.2.2 會議室順向鏈結分析 ...................... 45
第5章 結論與未來研究方向 ............................. 48
參考文獻 ............................................. 49

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