臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究旨在客家夥房及祖堂的調查及探討，以了解其特色及之間的關係。因此，以居住在桃園市新屋區番婆坟的客家村落- 張家為研究對象。主要探討的問題有以下五點: (1)張家之客家夥房的格局? (2)張家之夥房建造涵義? (3)張家之夥房歷史背景? (4)張家之祖堂(廳下)建造涵義認同? (5)張家祖堂之主從祀神明探究及理祭祀工作? 為了更深入了解客家夥房及祖堂，本研究採質性研究，共七人並以訪談的方式進行，再進行交叉比對。

研究結果顯示：(1) 此夥房是屬於三合院或者田寮型的建築形態，同時也與五虎下山的建築型態有關係。(2) 對當地居民來說夥房建造涵義除了方便同時也是個遮風避雨的家，因此對於未來夥房的發展是希望能傳承下去。(3) 在初期時，舊的橫屋是跟他人租來的，後來有經濟能力就買下來; 較新的橫屋是由徐金崙建造。(4) 對當地居民而言祖堂是過節家人親戚團聚的好地方，也有心靈寄託和傳承的義。(5) 祖堂的管理祭祀工作應該是由家裡的一家之主負責，但是也因為時代的變化，只要是家裡的子嗣都可以負責。

台灣是由原住民文化、客家文化、閩南文化所創造出來的美麗寶島；期望本研究能提供未來的客家文化研究者一些想法，並且能使更多人了解客家文化，客家文化需要被保留與正視的需求。

The purposes of this research are to delve into Hakka Huo Fang and ancestral
hall. In order to understand their characteristics and the correlation between them, the Hakka ethnic Chang clan is the participant in this study who live in Sin Wu district, Taoyuan.

There are five research questions for discussion: (1) What is the housing pattern of Hakka Huo Fang of Chang clan? (2) What is connotation of Hakka Huo Fang of Chang clan? (3) What is history of Hakka Huo Fang of Chang clan? (4) What is constructional connotation cognition in Chang clan’s ancestral hall? (5) How is deity’s exploration and worship management in Hakka Ancestral Hall of Chang clan?

However, in order to nibble at those questions and understand precisely about
Hakka Huo Fang and ancestral hall, qualitative research will be applied for this research. In addition, the seven participants will be interviewed after the interview and crossing comparison and coding method will be conducted.
The results indicated that (1) The Hakka Huo Fang building pattern in this study is Tianlian and Sanheyuan, and it related to the type of Wu Hu Xia Shan. (2) The constructional connotation of Hakka Huo Fang is convenience for using and a lovely home. They hope the future generation can preserve it forever. (3) They rented the oldest part of Huo Fang from the owner, then later they have the ability to buy it, thus, the lasted one was built by Xu Jin Lun. (4) The purpose of Hakka ancestral building is for reunion, wedding and funeral needs, and exist clear meaning of heritage and spiritual sustenance. (5) The elderly should be responsible for Chang's ancestral temple worship ceremony, but also pointed out that as long as Chang family member can be responsible for the management of their ancestral hall.

In other words, Taiwan becomes a beautiful island with the aboriginal culture, Hakka culture and Minnan culture. It is expected that this study can provide for the future Hakka cultural researchers and enable more people to understand the Hakka culture, moreover, we should face up to the preservation of Hakka culture and take action.

Chinese Abstract .............................................................................................................. iii
Abstract ............................................................................................................................ iv
Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................... vi
Table of Contents ............................................................................................................ vii
List of Table ...................................................................................................................... x
List of Figure ................................................................................................................... xi
Chapter One Introduction ................................................................................................. 1
Background and Motivation .......................................................................................... 3
Purpose of the Study ..................................................................................................... 5
Research Questions ....................................................................................................... 5
Significance of the Study .............................................................................................. 6
Definition of Term ........................................................................................................ 6
Chapter Two Literature Review ....................................................................................... 8
Introducing Taiwan Hakka and Hakka Building .......................................................... 8
The Building Type of Taiwan Hakka Huo Fang ......................................................... 12
Original Taiwan Hakka Architecture ...................................................................... 13
Taiwan Traditional Architecture ............................................................................. 18
Feng Shui in Taiwan Traditional Building.................................................................. 22
Taiwan Hakka People's Beliefs ................................................................................... 26
Taiwan Hakka People’s Folk Belief ........................................................................ 26
Taiwan Hakka Deities ............................................................................................. 27
Chapter Three Method .................................................................................................... 31
Research Design .......................................................................................................... 31
Participants .................................................................................................................. 32
Source of Data ............................................................................................................. 33
Research Procedure ..................................................................................................... 35
Data Collection ............................................................................................................ 36
Data Analysis .............................................................................................................. 37
Chapter Four Results and Discussion ............................................................................. 38
Results from the Interview .......................................................................................... 38
The Hakka Huo Fang Building Pattern ................................................................... 38
The constructional connotation of Hakka Huo Fang. .............................................. 40
The historical background of Hakka Huo Fang ...................................................... 42
The constructional connotation of Hakka ancestral hall ......................................... 45
The probe and management of deities in Hakka ancestral hall ............................... 47
Background of Interviewee ......................................................................................... 49
Fieldwork Investigation Analyzed of Hakka Huo Fang ............................................. 50
The Investigation of Hakka Huo Fang Building ..................................................... 51
The Investigation of Hakka Ancestral Hall Building Pattern .................................. 59
The Introduction of Huo Fang Feng Shui ................................................................ 61
The Deity in Hakka Ancestral Hall ............................................................................. 64
Chapter Five Conclusion ................................................................................................ 67
Summary of the Findings ............................................................................................ 67
Limitation of the Study ............................................................................................... 69
Implications ................................................................................................................. 69
Suggestions for Further Research ............................................................................... 70
References ....................................................................................................................... 71
Appendices ...................................................................................................................... 77
Appendix A Interview Consent (Chinese) .................................................................. 77
Appendix B Interview Consent ................................................................................... 78
Appendix C Interview Outline (Chinese) ................................................................... 79
Appendix D Interview outline ..................................................................................... 81

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