臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

有機溶劑被廣泛地使用在各飛機維修作業場所，本研究主要針對軍用飛機輪轂除漆及發動機零組件清洗作業進行採樣分析，依據分析結果計算勞工之危害指數(HI)，以進行健康風險評估。
由實驗結果得知，無論作業環境或個人採樣分析均同，在發動機零組件清洗作業環境中以丁酮（Methyl ethyl ketone, MEK）所佔總面積比例3.33%較大；在輪毂清洗作業中正己烷（n-Hexane）雖僅佔面積0.12%，但相較其他化學物質則較具危害性；而在輪轂除漆作業勞工所使用的溶劑，逸散於空氣中含有乙二醇丁醚(Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, EGBE)，雖僅佔總面積的0.15%，但相較其他化學物質則對人體健康較具影響；以上三種化學物質均屬「有機溶劑中毒預防規則」之第二種有機溶劑，對人類神經系統等均有不良的健康影響。
定量推估在發動機零組件清洗區的員工危害指數平均為0.02（範圍0.003-0.03），危害指數遠小於1，所以不會有明顯的健康危害風險；輪轂清洗區員工的危害指數範圍0.13-0.26，亦不會有明顯的健康危害風險；而在輪轂除漆區所有人的危害指數均超過1（範圍3.2-3.4），對人體將造成潛在的健康危害。
本研究自採樣分析與危害指數推估結果，並綜合工程控制與行政管理等作為，建議輪轂除漆作業區應再實施工程改善與控制，以確保勞工安全與健康。

Organic solvents are widely used in the aircraft maintenance workplace. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of volatile organic solvents emitted during the operations of paint stripping of wheel hub and engine component cleaning of military aircraft and to evaluate the human health risk following exposures. The major chemicals of concern during the operations of engine component cleaning, wheel cleaning and paint stripping of wheel hub are methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), N-hexane, and ethyl glycol monobutyl ether (EGBE), respectively. Exposure concentrations of chemicals of concern were quantified in each operation areas for further health risk assessment. Results show the non-cancer health hazard index for the operations of engine component cleaning, wheel cleaning and paint stripping of wheel hub ranged from 0.003- 0.03, 0.13-0.26 and 3.2-3.4, respectively. Occupational exposures to organic solvents during paint stripping of wheel hub may cause health effects on worker; therefore, some actions such as engineering control or administrative management should be taken to reduce human health risks.

中文摘要--------------------------------------------------------------- i
英文摘要--------------------------------------------------------------- ii
誌謝------------------------------------------------------------------ iii
目錄------------------------------------------------------------------ iv
表目錄----------------------------------------------------------------- vi
圖目錄----------------------------------------------------------------- viii
第一章 緒論------------------------------------------------------------ 1
1.1 研究動機-------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.2 研究目的-------------------------------------------------------- 2
第二章 文獻探討--------------------------------------------------------- 3
2.1 軍用飛機維修作業階層與作業型態簡介---------------------------------- 3
2.2 維修作業使用之有機溶劑-------------------------------------------- 4
2.3　 維修作業中化學品特性與健康效應探討---------------------------------- 6
2.4　 有機溶劑職業暴露回顧 --------------------------------------------- 10
2.5　 作業場所有機溶劑容許暴露標準 -------------------------------------- 13
2.6 有機溶劑致癌性探討----------------------------------------------- 15
2.7 暴露量推估及健康風險評估------------------------------------------ 16
第三章 研究設計與方法 -------------------------------------------------- 18
3.1 研究架構------------------------------------------------------- 18
3.2　　研究對象選取 --------------------------------------------------- 20
3.3 研究設備------------------------------------------------------- 20
3.4 作業環境訪查---------------------------------------------------- 23
3.5 原料化驗分析---------------------------------------------------- 32
3.6 採樣規劃------------------------------------------------------- 32
3.7 採樣分析方法 --------------------------------------------------- 35
第四章 結果與討論------------------------------------------------------- 38
4.1 化學品定性分析結果 ---------------------------------------------- 38
4.2 作業環境空氣中採樣定性分析結果 --------------- --------------------- 41
4.3 定量分析------------------------------------------------------- 50
4.4 暴露量推估及健康風險評估 ----------------------------------------- 52
4.5 討論 ---------------------------------------------------------- 55
第五章 結論與建議------------------------------------------------------- 55
5.1 結論 ---------------------------------------------------------- 57
5.2 建議 ---------------------------------------------------------- 58
參考文獻--------------------------------------------------------------- 59
附錄一 丁酮檢量線------------------------------------------------------ 65
附錄二 正己烷檢量線----------------------------------------------- ----- 66
附錄三 乙二醇丁醚檢量線------------------------------------------------- 67

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