臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著飲食與生活習慣改變，糖尿病罹患率逐年增加，為目前嚴重的慢性病之一。糖尿病不能治癒，且如果沒有持續控制可能會產生許多併發症。另一方面，二型糖尿病患者通常在成年或老年發病，在得知發病後得改變原有習慣、從事正確的照護是一大困難，再加上醫療資源有限，醫生不可能隨時給予個人化的照護，因此如何讓病人持續正確的自我照護為重要的議題。因為行動應用科技（Mobile Application）便利，目前已有許多研究與設計利用行動應用科技解決這個問題，然而，目前的設計與研究照護之全面性較為不足且沒有考量高齡者使用需求，再加上二型糖尿病患者中有許多高齡者，高齡者在自我照護上通常也更困難。而說服性設計能夠讓使用者持續的改變行為。故本研究的目的有二：（1）了解高齡者照護上的現況與需求（2）以說服性設計的觀點設計高齡糖尿病患者之行動應用科技。
研究首先建構糖尿病與說服性設計考量，其次依糖尿病考量發展半結構式訪談題目並以焦點團體探索高齡尿病患者需求。接著舉辦參與式設計，將每個糖尿病需求皆配對六個說服設計考量的方式進行腦力激盪，從中匯聚共識成為設計準則。最後則依設計準則進行原型設計與啟發式評估。
焦點團體結果發現高齡糖尿病患自我照護上的4大問題，包括：（1）記錄資料的問題（2）照護知識建構的問題（3）突然發病時的問題（4）控制飲食的問題。本研究亦建構高齡糖尿病患者之解決問題模式，與14個設計需求供設計師研究者參考。
啟發式評估分數結果發現本研究之設計有符合糖尿病與說服設計考量。此外，專家表示有效說服高齡者的設計為（1）根據數值給予正負面寵物圖文回饋（2）數值自動傳給照護相關人監控（3）照護寵物經營（4）共同照護網平台（5）病友間比較照護狀況（6）寵物競爭遊戲。專家亦建議（1）目標設定範圍而非特定值，以免造成高齡者擔憂放棄照護（2）目標需考量生理與心靈支持（3）目標需時間限制以激勵完成（4）增加老人喜愛的設計元素與獎勵。
本研究建構一個較全面的設計考量以探索高齡糖尿病患者之使用需求，並將說服設計應用於糖尿病照護設計，建構出設計準則。本研究期望能給糖尿病設計與想要了解糖尿病患者想法的相關研究啟發外，也能給未來相關設計師一些設計的依據。

With the changes in dietary and living habits, the prevalence of diabetes keeps increasing year after year. It is one of the serious chronic diseases at the moment. Diabetes will not cure and might possibly generate many complications without being controlled continuously. On the other hand, the Type 2 patients with diabetes are usually diagnosed on the middle-aged or the elderly people. After being diagnosed with the diabetes, it is required to change the original habits and it is a big challenge to undertake correct cares. In addition, the medical treatment resource is limited that no doctor can give personalized cares at any time. Therefore it is an important topic as to how to let patients continue correct self-cares. With the convenience provided by mobile application technologies, at the moment there are already many studies and designs which utilize the mobile application technology to resolve this problem. However, current designs and research cares are less comprehensive and they do not consider the elderly people’s usage requirements. Moreover, Type 2 patients with diabetes include many elderly people, who usually have difficulties in self-cares. The persuasive design is able to let users change their behaviors continuously. Thus the purpose of this study is twofold: (1) Understand the current situation and demands of elderly cares; (2) in design of mobile application technology for the elderly patients with diabetes from the persuasive design philosophy.
This study firstly constructed the diabetes and persuasive design considerations. Secondly, we developed semi structured interview topics based on diabetes considerations and used the focused group to explore the demands of the elderly patients with diabetes. After that, we hold the participatory design and each of the diabetes demands matching six persuasive design considerations as a way of carrying out brainstorming. Among them, the consensus converged into design guidelines. Finally, prototype designs and heuristic assessments were carried out based on the design guidelines.
The results of the focused group indicated four main problems for the self-care of the elderly patients with diabetes, which include: (1) The problem of recording data; (2) The problem of constructing care knowledge; (3) The problem of sudden incident cases; (4) The problem of controlling diets. This study also constructed the model for resolving the problems for elderly patients with diabetes, along with 14 design requirements for designers’ and investigators’ reference.
The results of the heuristic assessment scores indicated that this study’s design complies with the considerations of diabetes and the persuasive design. In addition, professionals indicated that the design that can effectively persuade the elderly people includes: (1) Giving feedbacks of positive and negative pet figures based on the values; (2) Values can be automatically transmitted to care related people for monitoring; (3) Managing the care pets; (4) A platform for joint cares; (5) Comparison of the care conditions between similar patients; (6) Pet competition games. The professional also suggested that: (1) The scope for setting goals should not be a particular value for avoiding the elderly people from worrying about the results and might give up cares; (2) The goals should consider physical and mental supports; (3) The goals should have time limits for exciting for the completion; (4) Adding design elements and rewards that the elderly people like.
This study constructed a more comprehensive design consideration for exploring the usage requirement of the elderly patients with diabetes. The persuasive design was also applied to the design of diabetic cares so as to construct the design guidelines. This study is expected to enlighten diabetic designs, and related research which aims to understand the thinking of the patients with diabetes. It is also expected to give future related designers some design basis.

摘要 i
SUMMARY iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
LIST OF TABLES x
CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1
CHAPTER 2 Literature review 5
2.1 Diabetes Technology 5
2.1.1 Diabetic cares and technology 5
2.1.2 Design considerations for diabetic cares 7
2.2 Persuasive design 10
2.2.1 The concept of persuasive design 10
2.2.2 Application of persuasive design to health cares 12
2.2.3 Persuasive design considerations 13
2.3 Literature review on interface designs 14
CHAPTER 3 Methodology 19
3.1 Research process 19
3.2 Constructing the design considerations 20
3.3 Exploring user demands: focused interview 21
3.3.1 Purpose of the focused group 21
3.3.2 Research participants 21
3.3.3 Research material 23
3.3.4 Research process and methods 25
3.3.5 Data analysis 26
3.4 Design guidelines for constructing the persuasive diabetes app: participatory design approach 27
3.4.1 Purpose of the participatory design 27
3.4.2 Research participants 27
3.4.3 Research materials 28
3.4.4 Research process and methods 29
3.5 App archetype design 30
3.6 Assessment design: heuristic assessment approach 31
3.6.1 Purpose of heuristic assessments 31
3.6.2 Research participants 31
3.6.3 Research materials 33
3.6.4 Research process and methods 34
3.6.5 Data analysis 36
CHAPTER 4 Research results 37
4.1 Considerations of persuasive diabetic designs 37
4.2 Usage requirements of the elderly patients with diabetes: focused group results 38
4.2.1 Data record 39
4.2.2 Data sharing 39
4.2.3 Community and care team involvement 40
4.2.4 Adjustment interactions 41
4.2.5 Decision support 42
4.2.6 Low burden 43
4.2.7 Entertainment 44
4.2.8 Data interoperability 45
4.2.9 System comprehensive 46
4.2.10 Summary of usage requirements for the elderly patients with diabetes 46
4.3 Design guidelines of persuasive diabetes apps: results of the participatory design 48
4.3.1 Group 1: Record 48
4.3.2 Group 2: community 49
4.3.3 Group 3: goal setting 50
4.3.4 Group 4: system reminders and advices 51
4.3.5 Group 5: feedback design approaches 54
4.3.6 Group 6: Inquires 55
4.3.7 Group 7: games 56
4.3.8 Illustrations of design guidelines 58
4.4 Results of the app prototype design 59
4.4.1 Operational process and the framework of the app 60
4.4.2 Pet managements and feedbacks 61
4.4.3 Initial configuration and tutorials 63
4.4.4 Records 65
4.4.5 Joint care network 69
4.4.6 Alarm reminder 71
4.4.7 Inquiries 72
4.4.8 Goal setting 74
4.4.9 My pet 75
4.4.10 System pop-up reminders 79
4.4.11 Connecting to external products for cares 80
4.5 Heuristic assessment results 81
4.5.1 Results of assessment scores 81
4.5.2 Professional feedbacks 81
CHAPTER 5 Analysis and discussion of research results 96
5.1 Care problems and mindset of the elderly patients with diabetes 96
5.2 Resolving issues and constructing experiences/knowledge for the elderly patients with diabetes 98
5.3 Design of comprehensive cares 100
5.4 Design continuous self-cares 102
5.5 Design guidelines for the persuasive design diabetes app 104
CHAPTER 6 Conclusions and recommendations 106
6.1 Conclusions 106
6.2 Recommendations for follow-up studies 108
6.2.1 How to trigger the elderly patients with diabetes of low care willingness to carry out self-care? 108
6.2.2 Establishing/developing the timing for patients with diabetes of various characteristic to receive the knowledge/experiences, or how the external world can trigger the patients with the willingness to build knowledge/experiences 108
CHAPTER 7 Reference 110
Appendix A 114
Appendix B 116

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