臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

因氣候變遷影響降雨趨於極端，故極端坡地災害對於台灣影響日益嚴重，因此為了消除、降低生命財產損失，透過災害風險管理的掌握是政府、學界重視之課題。本研究將探究在大規模崩塌發生之水力機制，藉由一維鉛直入滲砂箱試驗探討滲流水錘現象於材料分層情況下之影響，並驗證前人推導之理論式是否可用於材料分層的情況下，以提供建置預警系統的學理依據。以降雨引致大規模崩塌為主，自案例收集與文獻回顧，瞭解邊坡內部滲流是劣化土壤強度的水力條件之一。根據前人提述已在一維單層材料實驗映證滲流水錘現象的發生，故本研究設計一維分層材料實驗來觀察滲流水錘現象在分層情況下之變化，以提供未來研究數據資料，來觀察入滲過程所產生的現象。
實驗成果呈現分層與不分層材料，皆可發現滲流水錘的作用，差異在於發生時間快慢、孔隙水壓上升量大小及強度大小，透過實驗中下方是否可排氣的條件，可發現其對於上述提及之差異有顯著與不顯著的影響，當下方為不可排氣條件時差異顯著。藉由本研究實驗數據來驗證前人推導之理論式是否可用於一維分層材料中，經過與本研究的27種滲流水錘數據比較後可知適用，未來可以使用現有邊坡模型分析其運動、變形過程與穩定性，同時內嵌多相流理論，試以完整地描述水力條件於邊坡內部的作用，作為大規模崩塌預警機制之前期研究。

2009 years, Siaolin Villlage occurred large scale landslide by Typhoon Marakot, it caused a large number of houses damaged and lots of people get killed during the large scale landslide, which our study focus on the mechanism of large scale landslide due to the rainfall. By previous research, we found that the mechanism large scale landslide of Siaolin Village maybe caused by the seepage-hammer. There were some previous research which are one-dimensional and two-dimensional simple substance experiments, and our research will focus on the pore water pressure change in delaminated material experiments.
Due to simple substance experiments, we found that the seepage-hammer will locate at the interface of underground water level and impermeable layer; when the situation was delaminated material, seepage-hammer will locate at the interface between each materials. Due to our research, found that seepage-hammer will happen at the interface of impermeable layer, underground water level, delaminated material of different soil type.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 VIII
目錄 IX
圖目錄 XI
表目錄 XIII
參數表 XIV
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的與方法 2
1.3 研究架構 3
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2.1 事件的回顧 4
2.1.1 歷史事件 4
2.1.2 小結 8
2.2 入滲對崩塌影響研究的相關文獻回顧 10
2.2.1 入滲解析研究的回顧 10
2.2.2 邊坡穩定性分析方法的回顧 24
2.3 砂箱實驗研究之回顧 29
2.3.1 一維單層砂箱入滲試驗 30
2.3.2 一維分層砂箱入滲試驗 32
2.3.3 小結 32
第三章 實驗設計 33
3.1 實驗目的 33
3.2 固相結構之物理性質 36
3.2.1 篩分析試驗 36
3.2.2 比重試驗 38
3.2.3 飽和滲透係數試驗 39
3.2.4 顆粒孔隙率試驗 41
3.3 感測器介紹與率定 42
3.3.1 孔隙水壓力計 43
3.3.2 電子計重磅秤 45
3.4 資料擷取器介紹與設定 46
第四章 實驗結果 47
4.1 實驗數據量測 48
4.2 入滲實驗之現象 49
4.2.1 (Sand-1)-O之實驗現象 49
4.2.2 (Sand-1)-B之實驗現象 51
4.2.3 (Sand-1/Sand-2)-O之實驗現象 53
4.2.4 (Sand-1/Sand-2)-B之實驗現象 55
4.2.5 (Sand-1/Sand-2/Sand-1)-O之實驗現象 57
4.2.6 (Sand-1/Sand-2/Sand-1)-B之實驗現象 59
第五章 數據分析 61
5.1 定性分析 61
5.1.1 滲流水錘現象發生的條件 61
5.1.2 滲流水錘現象不發生的條件 65
5.2 定量分析 66
5.2.1 滲流水錘現象的發生時間 67
5.2.2 滲流水錘現象的水錘強度 70
5.2.3 滲流水錘現象的水錘斜率 73
5.2.4 安全係數的計算 76
第六章 結論與建議 79
6.1 結論 80
6.2 建議 81
參考文獻 82

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