臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來為了降低對於地球環境的傷害與減少交通運輸對於石油的依賴性，許多產業開始積極投入電動車與油電混合車產業，並使用鋰離子電池模組作為其主要動力來源，而電池所佔的成本居高不下，因此如何提高電池的利用價值便成為電池管理的熱門話題。然而為了因應使用需求，通常會將電池芯互相串並聯構成龐大的電池組，長期使用下便會發生各電池芯老化程度不一的情形，老化電池將影響整串電池組的使用，若是不妥善管理電池將會使電池組老化情形更為惡化，因而發展出了電池平衡管理技術。過去對於電池平衡管理只講求平衡電池端電壓或是電池電量狀態的差異，並沒有從實際電池使用的角度去觀看電池平衡這項事情。本論文所提出的適應性電容式電池平衡管理演算法以電池組放電使用的結果去解釋平衡的意義，並針對磷酸鋰鐵電池隨老化程度不同而表現出的充放電特性差異，有別於以往在電池靜置時長期操作平衡電路，本論文使用充電平衡方式將可大量節省平衡電池所需花費的時間，並提出一套能隨電池老化狀況適應性調整的電容式平衡啟動演算法，使電池組經過平衡後能後達到正確且有效的平衡目的，讓電池組保持在最佳的電池續航力狀態，並能降低電池的平均使用放電深度以增加電池組使用循環次數，同時避免電池組的老化效應持續增長。利用此演算法所實驗的結果有效增加7.3%電池所充入電量，並使電池增加1.5%放出電量。

In recent years, as energy-saving and environmental protection were widely concerned around the world, the LiFePO¬4¬¬¬ battery has been widely used in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and electric vehicle (EV). Because of the high cost of the Li-ion battery, how to extend the value of the battery is becoming a hot issue. Generally the battery pack for HEV is composition of the number of cells in series. In this case, unbalancing among cells due to the degradation, temperature etc, will be accelerated by the cycles of charge and discharge without an appropriate battery equalization management system. However, the balancing system only intended to reduce the difference of cell voltage or Stage of Charge (SoC) before. “Adaptive Battery Equalization Algorithm for Capacitor-based Battery Management System” this thesis proposed re-explains the meaning of battery equalization. Instead of long-term using battery equalizer on standby, this thesis equalizes the battery when charging to save much spending time. It could not only adjust the balancing mechanism automatically in order to keep the available charge but also raise the average SoC to prevent the effect of battery aging and improve the cycle number of battery. Experiment results indicate that the available charge increases 1.5% and the battery capacity efficiently improves 7.3%.

摘要 I
Abstract II
致謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 X
符號目錄 XI
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究動機與目的 1
1.2研究背景與發展現況 2
1.3研究貢獻 2
1.3論文架構 3
第二章 鋰離子電池基本介紹與平衡電路背景介紹 4
2.1專有名詞解釋 4
2.2鋰離子電池特性介紹 7
2.2.1鋰離子電池簡介 7
2.2.2電化學反應 8
2.3平衡電路之發展 10
2.3.1電池老化現象 10
2.3.2使用平衡電路的原因 12
2.3.3電池平衡的目的 14
2.4平衡電路背景介紹 17
2.4.1平衡電路簡介 17
2.4.2電容式平衡電路 18
2.5電容式平衡電路之使用方式 19
第三章 磷酸鋰鐵電池模型之建立 23
3.1鋰離子電池等效電路模型 23
3.1.1理想模型 23
3.1.2線性模型 24
3.1.3 Thevenin等效模型 25
3.1.4等效電容模型. 25
3.2磷酸鋰鐵電池之電路模型建立 26
3.2.1電池之基本資料 26
3.2.2電池等效電路之建立 27
3.3 以Matlab模擬電池等效電路 30
第四章 適應性平衡演算法之研究 32
4.1電容式平衡模型 32
4.2適應性調整影響平衡電流之Req 36
4.3開啟平衡電路時機選擇之概念 37
4.4啟動平衡電路之時機選擇 41
4.5適應性調整平衡電路啟動之機制 43
4.6模擬分析 47
4.6.1未開啟平衡電路 49
4.6.2充電全程開啟平衡電路 49
4.6.3使用平衡啟動機制 50
4.6.4模擬結果分析比較 51
第五章 硬體實現與實驗結果 55
5.1電池平衡管理系統架構設計 55
5.1.1監測電路 56
5.1.2控制電路 57
5.1.3平衡電路 58
5.1.4充放電保護電路 61
5.1.5 LabView 電腦端控制介面 62
5.2系統運作流程與介紹 63
5.3實驗平台及實驗結果分析 64
5.3.1電池平衡管理系統硬體實現 64
5.3.2實驗流程與參數設定 65
5.3.3實驗結果 66
第六章 結論與未來展望 69
6.1結論 69
6.2未來展望 70
參考文獻 72

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