臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來，隨著智慧型行動裝置及行動網路的蓬勃發展，在這個訴求快速的年代，企業所面臨的挑戰愈來愈多，競爭壓力也愈來愈大，每家企業都在努力尋求方法來提高公司及員工的生產力與競爭力；而人們也因為習慣使用各式各樣的智慧型行動裝置來吸收資訊、經營人際關係、打發時間及處理工作，也期望公司能夠提供更便利、更彈性、更聰明、更有生產力、更有效率及更能協同合作的工作環境，為了達成以上目標，不少企業透過智慧工作場所(Smart Workplace)之建置，提供員工更有競爭力的工作環境，使他們隨時隨地都能透過行動裝置來處理工作。
本研究依據科技-組織-環境架構(The Technology–Organization–Environment Framework, TOE Framework)與創新擴散理論(Diffusion of Innovation Theory, DOI Theory)以建立概念性之研究架構。參考TOE架構是因為當探討組織導入或採用資訊決策時，最常被用來作為研究架構發展基礎的就是此架構，研究者可依據所探討的主題及應用情境加以修改或擴充；而參考DOI理論是因為此理論被廣泛使用來說明資訊科技的採用，說明了創新從一開始產生到最後被採用的過程。由於導入智慧工作場所跟組織採用的資訊決策有關，也是一項新資訊科技採用的整個過程，因此本研究依據此兩者作為概念性之研究架構。另外，由於目前在台灣大規模導入智慧工作場所之上市電子企業並不多，而本研究所觀察的K公司在不久前完成智慧工作場所之導入，因此本研究將K公司作為研究對象，以單一個案研究法探討影響企業導入智慧工作場所之關鍵因素。本研究以半結構性訪談進行資料蒐集，針對K公司之資訊部資深處長及資訊部經理進行深入訪談，然後將訪談資料的內容進行分析與整理，從而推導出十個研究命題。接著，再根據研究命題，提出主要影響企業導入智慧工作場所之關鍵因素，並提出研究限制及未來研究建議。目前有關智慧工作場所之文獻中所提及的智慧工作場所，大多數探討的是Ambient Intelligence(AmI)之應用，也就是以感測器及無線通訊介面等硬體環境建構為主的資料蒐集、運算及應用，而與這些文獻的不同之處是，本研究所提及的智慧工作場所主要探討的是軟體及系統之應用環境。
導入智慧工作場所的目的是提高公司及員工的生產力及競爭力，期望能夠快速回應客戶及員工以得到他們的青睞與滿意。由於智慧工作場所是一種新資訊科技之應用，導入之評估與規劃相當重要，因此本研究期望找出導入智慧工作場所之關鍵因素，提供欲導入智慧工作場所之企業作為參考，同時也提供銷售智慧工作場所雲端運算服務之供應商作為參考，從而輔助雙方在發展策略與磋商上作出最佳判斷與決策。
最後，依據TOE架構及DOI理論作為概念性之研究架構的前提下，透過文獻探討與訪談資料之分析與整理，本研究在科技、組織及環境三個構面上，分別歸納出影響企業導入智慧工作場所之關鍵因素。

In recent years, with the vigorous development of smart mobile devices and mobile networks, companies face more and more challenges in this era of rapid demand, and the pressure of competition has been increasing. Many companies are striving to find a way to increase the productivity and competitiveness of themselves and their employees. On the other hand, people are accustomed to using a variety of smart mobile devices to access information, manage personal relationships, pass time and handle work. They also expect companies to provide them a more convenient, more flexible, smarter, more productive, more efficient and more collaborative work environment. In order to achieve the above goals, many companies provide employees with a more competitive work environment through the establishment of smart workplace. So that they can handle their work through mobile devices anytime and anywhere.
This study establishes a conceptual research framework based on the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) Framework and the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) Theory. Make reference to the TOE Framework because when the organization is involved in the adoption of information decisions, TOE Framework is most often used as the basis of the research architecture. The researcher can modify or expand this framework based on the topics and scenarios. Make reference to the DOI theory because it is widely used to illustrate the adoption of information technology and the process from the beginning to the end of innovation. Since the implementation of smart workplace is related to the information decisions adopted by the organization, it is also a whole process of adopting a new information technology. Therefore, this study is based on both as a conceptual research framework. In addition, because there are not many companies that currently implement large-scale smart workplace in Taiwan, and company K that was observed in this study has recently completed the implementation of smart workplace. This is the reason why use company K as the research object. This study used single case study research to explore the critical factors affecting the implementation of smart workplace. In this study, semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data. In-depth interviews were conducted with the Senior Director and the Manager of the Information Department of Company K, and then analyzed the contents of the interview data, thereby deriving ten research propositions. After that, according to research propositions, the key factors that affect the company's implementation of smart workplace are proposed, and research restrictions and future research proposals are also proposed. Most of the smart workplace mentioned in the literatures on smart workplace are the application of Ambient Intelligence (AmI), which is based on the hardware environment construction such as sensors and wireless communication interfaces. The difference from those literatures is that the smart workplace mentioned in this study mainly discusses the application environment of software and systems.
The purpose of implementing the smart workplace is to improve the productivity and competitiveness of companies and employees, and to respond quickly to customers and employees to get their favor and satisfaction. Since smart workplace is a new application of information technology, the assessment and planning are very important. Therefore, this study expects to find out the critical factors of the implementation of smart workplace, providing a reference to other companies which want to implement smart workplace, as well as providing a reference to the supplier of cloud computing services which provide smart workplace solutions. Thereby, assist both parties in making the best judgments and decisions in development strategies and consultations.
Finally, based on the TOE framework and the DOI theory as the conceptual research framework, through the analysis and collation of literature research and interview data, this study summarizes the critical factors into three aspects, technology, organization, and environment respectively.

摘要 I
ABSTRACT III
誌謝 V
目錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 IX
第一章、緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 研究範圍與流程 2
1.4 論文架構 5
第二章、文獻探討 7
2.1 科技-組織-環境架構 7
2.2 創新擴散理論 8
2.3 IT消費化 12
2.4 自攜設備 16
2.5 智慧工作場所 21
第三章、研究方法 24
3.1 研究方法 24
3.2 研究架構 27
3.3 研究對象與觀察重點 31
3.4 資料蒐集方法 31
第四章、個案研究與分析 34
4.1 K公司背景簡介 35
4.2 K公司之資訊系統發展 35
4.3 研究命題推導與分析 40
第五章、結論與建議 52
5.1 研究結論與研究貢獻 52
5.2 研究限制與未來研究建議 56
參考文獻 57
中文文獻 57
英文文獻 57

中文文獻
1. 江淑美、吳伊勻、翁士勛、劉育雯，「教育研究法專題研究報告 – 個案研究」，國立台灣師範大學，臺北，臺灣 (2000)。
2. 邱憶惠，「個案研究：質化取向」，教育研究(國立高雄師範大學)，第七期，第113-127頁 (1999)。
3. 林珊如，「圖書資訊學與質性研究」，中華圖書資訊學教育學會會訊，第二十七期，第2-16頁 (2006)。
4. 林佩璇，「個案研究及其在教育研究上的應用」，中正大學「質的研究」研討會會議，第239-262頁 (2000)。
5. 陳向明，社會科學質的研究，五南圖書出版股份有限公司，臺北 (2002)。
6. 陳伯璋，「質性研究方法的理論基礎」，國立中正大學教育學研究所，質的研究方法研討會，嘉義 (2000)。
7. 陳致榮，「個案研究法」，輔仁大學圖書資訊學系碩士班，研究方法課程報告 (2001)。
8. 郭良文、林素甘，「質化與量化研究方法之比較分析」，資訊傳播與圖書館學，第七卷，第四期，第1-13頁 (2001)。
9. 高強華，「個案研究法」，載於黃光雄、簡茂發主編：教育研究法，師大書苑，臺北，第291-308頁 (1991)。
10. 鄭君邁、封德台，「組織形象、人才招募方式與招募成效關係之研究-以新加坡與我國空軍飛行員招募為例」，碩士論文，大葉大學，彰化 (2006)。

英文文獻
1. Aaron French, Chengqi Guo & Jung P. Shim, “Current Status, Issues, and Future of Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)” , Communications of the Association for Information Systems, Vol. 35, Article 10 (2014)
2. Adel Alkhalil, Reza Sahandi and David John, “An Exploration of the Determinants for Decision to Migrate Existing Resources to Cloud Computing Using An Integrated TOE-DOI Model” , Journal of Cloud Computing, December 2017, 6:2 (2017)
3. Anselm L. Strauss & Juliet M. Corbin, Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques, SAGE Publications (1990)
4. Brendan Dunne, “The Factors Affecting the Adoption of Cloud Computing in Irish Hospitals” , Dublin Business School (2016).
5. Chau, P. Y. K., & Tam, K. Y., and Shen, M. D., “Factors Affecting the Adoption of Open Systems: An Exploratory Study” , MIS Quarterly, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 1-24 (1997)
6. David Moschella, Doug Neal, Piet Opperman and John Taylor, “The‘Consumerization’of Information Technology” , Computer Sciences Corporation (2004).
7. R. DePietro, E. Wiarda, and M. Fleischer, The Context for Change: Organization, Technology and Environment, in Tornatzky, L. G. and Fleischer, M. (Eds.) The processes of technological innovation, Lexington Books: Lexington, MA., pp. 151-175 (1990).
8. Erind Hoti, “THE Technology, Organization and Environment Framework Of IS Innovation Adaption in Small and Medium Enterprises. Evidence from research over the last 10 Years.” , International Journal of Business and Management, International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 1-14 (2015)
9. Frank Gens, Danielle Levitas and Rebecca Segal, “2011 Consumerization of IT Study : Closing the ‘Consumerization Gap’”, 2012 Proceedings of the Information Systems Educators Conference, New Orleans Louisiana, USA (2011)
10. Grover, V., “An Empirically Derived Model for the Adoption of Customer-based Interorganizational Systems” , Decision Sciences, pp. 603–640 (1993)
11. Hairhan, “Cloud Enterprise System in IT Sector of the UK” , The University of Sheffield (2017).
12. Hubert Gatignon and Thomas S. Robertson, “A Propositional Inventory for New Diffusion Research” , Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 11, Issue 4, pp. 849–867 (1985)
13. Jeanne Harris, Blake Ives and Iris Junglas, “IT Consumerization: When Gadgets Turn Into Enterprise IT Tools” , Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 99-112 (2012)
14. Jeff Baker, Information Systems Theory: Explaining and Predicting Our Digital Society, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, pp. 231-245 (2011)
15. Kim Windsor and Sarah Wise, “Levering Change in the Civil Infrastructure Industry : A Smart Workplaces Project DRAFT REPORT” , Queensland Department of Employment and Industrial Relations (2008).
16. Kuan, K. K. Y., and Chau, P. Y. K., “A Perception-based Model for EDI Adoption in Small Businesses Using a Technology–Organization–Environment Framework” , Information & Management, Vol. 38, Issue 8, pp. 507–521 (2001)
17. Lorraine A. Lamb, “A Study on Information Technology Consumerization: Intentions to Use and Recognize Use Behaviors” , Kennesaw State University (2015).
18. MacGregor, R. C., and Vrazalic, L., “A Basic Model of Electronic Commerce Adoption Barriers: A Study of Regional Small Businesses in Sweden and Australia” , Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 12, Issue 4, pp. 510-527 (2005)
19. Madhavi Dhingra, “Legal Issues in Secure Implementation of Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)” , Procedia Computer Science, Vol. 78, pp. 179-184 (2016)
20. Mattias Esbjörnsson and Daniel Vesterlind, “THE ‘Mobile-Workplace’” , Mobility, Interactive Institute, Dept of Science and Technology Studies, Gothenburg University (2002).
21. Michael Loose, Andy Weeger and Heiko Gewald, “BYOD – The Next Big Thing in Recruiting? Examining the Determinants of BYOD Service Adoption Behavior from the Perspective of Future Employees,” 19th Americas Conference on Information Systems, At Chicago, USA (2013)
22. Michelangelo Vallicelli, “Smart cities and digital workplace culture in the global European context: Amsterdam, London and Paris” , City, Culture and Society, Vol. 12, pp. 25-34 (2018)
23. Mishra, A. N., Konana, P., and Barua, A., “Antecedents and Consequences of Internet Use in Procurement: An Empirical Investigation of US Manufacturing firms” , Information Systems Research, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 103–120 (2007)
24. Niharika Singh, “B.Y.O.D. Genie Is Out Of the Bottle – ‘Devil Or Angel’” , Journal of Business Management & Social Sciences Research, Vol. 1, No. 3 (2012)
25. Osama Harfoushi, Abdel Hakim Akhorshaideh, Noor Aqqad, Marwa Al Janini and Ruba Obiedat, “Factors Affecting the Intention of Adopting Cloud Computing in Jordanian Hospitals” , Communications and Network, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 88-101 (2016)
26. Peter Mikulecky, “User Adaptivity in Smart Workplaces,” Asian Conference on Intelligent Information and Database Systems, ACIIDS 2012: Intelligent Information and Database Systems, PP. 401-410 (2012)
27. Prashant Kumar Gajar, Arnab Ghosh and Shashikant Rai, “Bring Your Own Device (BYOD): Security Risks and Mitigating Strategies” , Journal of Global Research in Computer Science, Vol. 4, No. 4 (2013)
28. Pruthikrai Mahatanankoon, Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Third Edition, IGI Global, US, Chapter 365 (2015)
29. Rahat Afreen Siddiqui, “Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) in Higher Education: Opportunities and Challenges” , International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science, Vol. 3, Issue 1 (2014)
30. Ramdani, B., Kawalek, P., and Lorenzo, O., “Predicting SMEs Adoption of Enterprise Systems” , Journal of Enterprise Information Management, Vol. 22, Issue 1/2, pp. 10–24 (2009)
31. Robert E. Stake, The Art of Case Study Research, SAGE Publications, USA (1995)
32. Robert K. Yin, Case Study Research: Design and Methods, Second Edition, SAGE Publications, USA (1994)
33. Rogers, Everett M, The Diffusion of Innovations, Fourth Edition, Simon and Schuster, USA (1995)
34. Scott Emery, “Factors for Consideration when Developing a Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) Strategy in Higher Education” , University of Oregon, USA (2012).
35. Sharan B. Merriam, Case Study Research in Education : A Qualitative Approach, Jossey-Bass Inc., USA (1988)
36. Zhu, K., Kraemer, K. L., and Xu, S., “Electronic Business Adoption by European firms: A crosscountry assessment of the facilitators and inhibitors” , European Journal of Information Systems, Vol. 12, Issue 4, pp. 251–268 (2003)
37. Zhu, K., Kraemer, K. L., Xu, S., and Dedrick, J., “Information Technology Payoff in e-Business Environments: An International Perspective on Value Creation of e-Business in the financial Services Industry” , Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol. 21, Issue 1, pp. 17–54 (2004)
38. Zhu, K., and Kraemer, K. L., “Post-adoption Variations in Usage and Value of e-Business by Organizations: Cross-country Evidence from the Retail Industry” , Information Systems Research, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 61–84 (2005)
39. Zhu, K., Kraemer, K. L., and Xu, S., “The Process of Innovation Assimilation by firms in Different Countries: A Technology Diffusion Perspective on e-Business” , Management Science, Vol. 52, No. 10, pp. 1557–1576 (2006)