臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究探討浮游生物K. veneficum (CCMP426) 在不同微觀擾流流場環境下的運動行為。我們建構一壓電制動的微擾流元件，利用uPIV量測流場隨時間的變化，並將浮游生物置入此微流元件，以觀察擾流對其運動行為的影響。實驗所使用的微流道為 T型微流道，壓電震盪源來自於T型微流道左方及下方兩流道，流體由兩入口以90°相交進入，在交會處會因壓電震盪所造成的流體壓縮與拉引而產生強烈剪流。在不同驅動條件下，我們量化了浮游生物個體之運動速度、軌跡特徵及其行進方向與流場剪應變率梯度向量之夾角，並定義浮游生物的「轉向」行為，以探討浮游生物對擾流的反應。其中浮游生物運動方向與剪應變率梯度向量之夾角可用來表示其對環境流場變化的趨性，此角度越接近180°則表示浮游生物有逃離高剪應變率區域的現象。
我們依照不同量級的驅動頻率分別設定適當的驅動電壓，頻率量級越高，驅動電壓越高。與靜止流場下比較，流場擾動會刺激浮游生物的運動速度增加22%至43%，但在1 Hz、10 Hz、100 Hz這三個頻率量級都發現浮游生物運動速度會隨著擾動頻率增加而下降，且擾動主要影響浮游生物直行運動的速度。在週期震盪流場中，浮游生物能利用與自身運動速度差不多的環境流速來增加自身運動速度。在剪應變率大於0.3 s-1的環境下，浮游生物族群運動方向與剪應變率梯度向量之夾角接近180°的機率上升，代表浮游生物開始產生逃離高剪應變率區域的反應；在剪應變率大於1.5 s-1之後，浮游生物運動方向與剪應變率梯度向量之夾角往90°集中，代表浮游生物抵抗剪應變率變化的能力下降。本研究所得之結果可以協助我們釐清環境剪應變率對浮游生物運動行為之影響，以利未來更進一步探討浮游生物之運動行為所造成的斑狀分布。

This study focuses on the locomotion of plankton K. veneficum (CCMP426) in a microfluidic environment disturbed by piezoelectric actuation. A T-shaped microchannel is integrated with piezoelectric diaphragms that generate flow disturbance in the two microchannels intersecting at 90°. Hence, strong shear flow is produced in the confluence region. Under different actuation conditions, the variations of the flow field with time are diagnosed by PIV measurement, and the trajectory and swimming velocity of individual plankton cell are analyzed. We also define an angle between the swimming direction and the gradient of the shear rate to identify the escape behavior of K. veneficum.
For the piezoelectric actuation, the imposed voltage is set in accord with the order of magnitude of the actuation frequency, which spans from 1 Hz to 100 Hz. Comparing to the stationary habitat, flow disturbance tends to stimulate planktonic movement by increasing their swimming velocity 22% to 43%. However, heightening the actuation frequency within the same order is found to slow down the planktonic movement. When shear rate exceeds 0.3 s-1, plankton cells have a higher probability to swim in a direction of decreasing the shear rate, suggesting that plankton cells tend to escape from high shear-rate region. Nevertheless, the PDF (probability density function) peak of the angle between the swimming direction and the gradient of shear rate shifts toward 90° when shear rate becomes larger than 1.5 s-1, indicating that plankton cells are not able to resist shear rate changes at large shear rate. The outcome of this study helps us to clarify the effects of flow disturbance on the locomotion of planktonic cells and lay the groundwork for studying plankton patchiness from a Lagrangian perspective in the future.

目錄
摘要 I
Abstract III
目錄 V
符號索引 IX
圖目錄 X
表目錄 XV
第一章 導論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 文獻回顧 2
1.2.1 K. veneficum 2
1.2.2 趨旋性與浮游生物對紊流、渦旋及剪應變率的反應 3
1.2.3 壓電震盪器在微流體元件中之運用 6
1.3 研究動機 6
第二章 元件設計、製程與實驗程序 7
2.1 壓電制動微擾流元件設計 7
2.1.1 T型微流道 7
2.1.2 微擾流產生元件 7
2.2 微流道製程 8
2.2.1 矽晶圓清洗 8
2.2.2 母模製作 9
2.2.3 PDMS製程 10
2.3 微擾流產生元件製程與組合 11
2.3.1 壓克力腔室製程 11
2.3.2 元件黏合 13
2.4 實驗架構 13
2.4.1 流體趨動裝置 13
2.4.2 mPIV量測系統 14
2.5 實驗程序與速度場校正 17
2.5.1 元件注水作業 17
2.5.2 uPIV速度場校正 18
2.5.3 浮游生物培養與調製程序 19
2.5.4 浮游生物追蹤程序 20
2.5.5 浮游生物運動行為之分析程序 21
2.6 不確定性分析 22
2.6.1 流場速度量測 23
2.6.2 流場剪應變率 23
2.6.3 流場剪應變率梯度 24
2.6.4 浮游生物位移 24
2.6.5 浮游生物運動速度 25
2.6.6 浮游生物運動方向與剪應變率梯度向量之夾角 25
2.7 前置研究 26
2.7.1 浮游生物之運動特徵 26
2.7.2 實驗參數設定流程 27
2.7.3 實驗參數設定結果 28
2.7.4 浮游生物個體之運動行為指標 28
第三章 實驗結果 30
3.1 PIV量測結果 30
3.1.1 10 Vpp、100 Hz之流場 30
3.1.2 10 Vpp、200 Hz之流場 32
3.1.3 10 Vpp、300 Hz之流場 32
3.1.4 10 Vpp、400 Hz之流場 33
3.1.5 0.01 Vpp、1 ~ 4 Hz之流場特徵 34
3.1.6 0.1 Vpp、10 ~ 40 Hz之流場特徵 35
3.1.7 10 Vpp、100 ~ 400 Hz之流場特徵 35
3.1.8 不同驅動頻率下改變驅動電壓之流場特徵變化 36
3.2 浮游生物運動分析 37
3.2.1 靜態流場下之浮游生物運動行為 38
3.2.2 0.01 Vpp、1 ~ 4 Hz之浮游生物運動行為 38
3.2.3 驅動條件為0.1 Vpp、10 ~ 40 Hz之浮游生物運動行為 39
3.2.4 10 Vpp、100 ~ 400 Hz之浮游生物運動行為 40
3.2.5 不同驅動頻率下改變驅動電壓時浮游生物之運動特徵 42
3.2.6 浮游生物之轉向次數 42
3.3 擾流對浮游生物之影響 43
3.3.1 各驅動條件下流場資料點的分布 43
3.3.2 流場震盪對浮游生物運動分析的影響 44
3.3.3 流場平均流速對浮游生物運動速度的影響 44
3.3.4 微擾流對浮游生物運動速度之影響 45
3.3.5 微擾流對浮游生物運動方向之影響 46
3.3.6 微擾流對死亡之浮游生物運動行為的影響 47
第四章 結論與建議 49
4.1 結論 49
4.2 建議 50
參考文獻 52

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