臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本實驗利用真空感應熔融方式製作自生TiC強化Ni基合金，以Ni基合金為基材再添加Ti與球磨24小時後的graphite粉末，使Ti與graphite在Ni基合金中產生自生TiC，Ti與graphite添加量為5、10和15wt%，加熱溫度1200和1250℃持溫5分鐘製作自生TiC強化Ni基合金。磨耗試驗採用球對盤(ball-on-disk)方式，磨耗條件為滑移速度0.7m/s，磨耗荷重(0.5、1.2和1.7kg)，滑移距離(100、500、1000、5000和10000m)，探討上述條件對自生TiC強化Ni基合金的顯微組織與磨耗行為的影響。
實驗結果顯示，自生TiC強化Ni基合金經XRD分析，含有γ-Ni、Ni3Si、Ni31Si12、Ni3B、CrB、M7C3、M3C2、M23C6、TiC、TiB、TiB2。自生TiC生成量隨著加熱溫度和Ti與graphite添加量增加而增加。磨耗損失量隨著Ti與graphite添加量和加熱溫度增加而減少，這是因為自生TiC生成量增加，使磨耗過程中的刮損路徑受到自生TiC阻礙的機率提高。隨著加熱溫度增加，M23C6、M7C3、M3C2、TiB、TiB2含量也隨之增加，而Ni3B、CrB含量隨之下降。在加熱溫度為1250℃時，合金層會產生M23X6(M=Ni, Cr, Ti, Fe和X=C, B, Si)結構的相，且隨著Ti與graphite添加量和加熱溫度增加，M23X6的含量也隨之增加。CrB其表面會生成TiB和TiB2，進而使CrB由原先相硬度1320到1760Hv0.5提升至2139到2666Hv0.5，提升了耐磨耗之特性。
自生TiC強化Ni基合金在磨耗荷重0.5kg時，的磨耗行為為刮損、黏著和輕微氧化磨耗；磨耗荷重1.2kg時的磨耗行為為刮損、黏著和輕微氧化磨耗，但有機率發生嚴重氧化磨耗；磨耗荷重1.7kg時的磨耗行為為刮損、黏著、輕微氧化和嚴重氧化磨耗。自生TiC強化Ni基合金在滑移距離100~500m其磨耗行為大多是以刮損磨耗和黏著磨耗為主；而滑移距離增加到1000m時，磨耗行為從刮損磨耗和黏著磨耗開始轉換成輕微氧化磨耗；滑移距離增加到5000~10000m後磨耗行為出現分歧，磨耗荷重0.5kg時，還是以輕微氧化磨耗為主，磨耗荷重1.2kg時，雖以輕微氧化磨耗為主，但有零星氧化膜碎裂所產生的嚴重氧化磨耗，磨耗荷重1.7kg時，以嚴重氧化磨耗為主。而磨耗次表面的微裂紋在磨耗荷重0.5和1.2kg時，都是沿著硬質相(鉻碳、鉻硼化物和M23X6)界面傳遞；磨耗荷重1.7kg時則是直接穿過硬質相(鉻碳、鉻硼化物和M23X6)傳遞。
硬質相在自生TiC強化Ni基合金中皆扮演阻擋刮損路徑的角色，但TiC的保護基材作用僅僅在於磨耗初期(滑移距離100到1000m)，這是由於TiC顆粒尺寸小，應力支撐的面積有限，雖能被磨屑黏著但無法發展成高原狀氧化膜；反觀顆粒尺寸大的鉻碳、鉻硼化物和M23X6，雖硬度遠遠不及TiC，但應力支撐面積較廣，且能被磨屑黏著堆積發展成高原狀氧化膜。TiB和TiB2顆粒尺寸與TiC相似，硬度也不亞於TiC，但其生成位置有所限制(CrB的表面)，僅僅只能強化CrB的硬度，提升CrB應力支撐的能力。

In this study, the use of a vacuum induction melting way production of in situ TiC reinforced Ni-based alloys with Ni-based alloy as base material and then adding Ti and milled graphite powder after 24 hours, so that Ti and graphite produced from TiC in Ni-based alloys, with Ti and graphite addition amount of 5, 10 and 15wt%, the heating temperature of 1200 and 1250 ℃ holding 5 minutes for in situ TiC reinforced Ni-based alloys. Wear test using ball on disk way, wear conditions for the sliding velocity 0.7m/s, the wear load (0.5, 1.2 and 1.7kg), sliding distance (100,500,1000,5000 and 10000m ), explore the effect of the above conditions on the in situ TiC reinforced Ni-base alloy microstructure and wear behavior.
The experimental results show of in situ TiC reinforced Ni-based alloys by XRD analysis containing γ-Ni, Ni3Si, Ni31Si12, Ni3B, CrB, M7C3, M3C2, M23C6, TiC, TiB, TiB2. Generation amount of in situ TiC with increasing heating temperature increases with the addition amount of Ti and graphite.In situ TiC reinforced Ni-based alloys in the sliding distance 100~500m mostly based on the wear behavior of abrasion wear and adhesion wear based, and wear behavior for sliding distance 1000m is slightly oxidation wear from abrasion wear and adhesive wear to start the conversion, sliding distance to 5000~10000m wear behavior occurs after differences, wear load 0.5kg conditions is slightly oxidation wear mainly, wear load 1.2kg conditions is slightly oxidation wear based, but there are sporadic oxide film cracked arising from severe oxidation wear, wear load 1.7kg conditions is severe oxidation to wear based. The micro-cracks in the wear subsurface when wear load 0.5 and 1.2kg were passed around along the hard phase, when wear load 1.7kg was passed directly through the hard phase.
The hard phase of TiC strengthened Ni base alloys are playing the role of a barrier scratch path, but the protection of the substrate only in that the effect of TiC wear early (sliding distance of 100 to 1000m), which is due to the small particle size of TiC, the stress support area is limited, Although wear debris adhesion can unable to develop oxide film; the other hand the large particle size of chromium carbide, chromium borides and M23X6, although far less than the hardness of TiC, but the stress of supporting a wider area, and can be wear debris adhesion development of oxide film. TiB and TiB2 particle size similar hardness as much as TiC, but its location be limited generation (CrB surface), can only strengthen CrB hardness, enhance the ability of CrB to support stress.

總　目　錄
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 III
誌謝 V
總目錄 VI
圖目錄 IX
表目錄 XVI
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 2
第二章 理論基礎與文獻回顧 3
2.1 自生碳化鈦強化硬質合金 3
2.2. 自生碳化鈦強化鎳或鎳基合金的顯微組織 6
2.2.1 石墨粒徑對於自生碳化鈦的影響 8
2.2.2 鈦與石墨添加量對於自生碳化鈦的影響 15
2.3. 磨耗簡介 17
2.4. 磨耗機制 17
2.4.1 刮損磨耗 20
2.4.2 黏著磨耗 23
2.4.3 表面疲勞磨耗 23
2.4.4 氧化磨耗 26
2.5. 碳化鈦強化鎳或鎳基合金磨耗行為 26
第三章 實驗方法與流程 34
3.1 實驗材料 34
3.2 實驗流程 34
3.2.1 石墨球磨 34
3.2.2 示差掃描熱量計(DSC)分析 34
3.2.3 粉末混合 36
3.2.4 自生碳化鈦強化鎳基合金的熔融 36
3.2.5 試片前製作 39
3.2.6 相鑑定 39
3.2.6.1 電子微探儀(EPMA)與波長散佈光譜儀(WDS)分析 39
3.2.6.2 X-ray繞射(XRD)鑑定 39
3.2.6.3 掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)觀察及能量散佈光譜儀(EDS)成
分分析 41
3.2.6.4 自生碳化鈦面積分率統計分析 41
3.2.7 相硬度測試 41
3.2.8 磨耗測試 41
第四章 實驗結果與討論 43
4.1 自生碳化鈦強化鎳基合金相鑑定 43
4.1.1 自生碳化鈦之DSC分析 46
4.1.2 自生碳化鈦強化鎳基合金XRD鑑定 49
4.1.3 自生碳化鈦強化鎳基合金掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察 49
4.1.4 自生碳化鈦相分率統計分析 53
4.1.5 自生碳化鈦強化鎳基合金相硬度 55
4.2 自生碳化鈦強化鎳基合金磨耗行為 57
4.2.1鈦與石墨添加量對自生碳化鈦強化鎳基合金磨耗行為之影響 65
4.2.2 加熱溫度對自生碳化鈦強化鎳基合金磨耗行為之影響 82
4.2.3 磨耗荷重對自生碳化鈦強化鎳基合金磨耗行為之影響 90
4.2.4 滑移距離對自生碳化鈦強化鎳基合金磨耗行為之影響 116
第五章 結論 130
第六章 參考文獻 133

圖　目　錄
圖2-1 碳化物生成自由能曲線 4
圖2-2 在磨耗過程中(a)自生TiC不易被拔除與(b)非自生TiC較易被拔除 4
圖2-3 碳化物硬度比較圖 5
圖2-4 TiC顯微組織樣貌，球狀→團聚狀→花瓣狀 7
圖2-5 Ni-Ti-C三元相圖 12
圖2-6 graphite周圍的TiC層 12
圖2-7 自生TiC生成機制 13
圖2-8 自生TiC生成結構轉變 13
圖2-9 片狀graphite厚度與自生TiC反應時間關係圖 14
圖2-10 耐磨耗性與硬度之關係圖 16
圖2-11 磨潤系統中的變因 18
圖2-12 磨耗距離或時間對磨耗損失量和磨耗行為的影響 19
圖2-13 (a)二體刮損(b)三體刮損示意圖 21
圖2-14 刮損磨耗中五種形式 22
圖2-15 刮損磨耗中對磨顆粒對磨耗表面的影響與形式 22
圖2-16 刮損磨耗中塑性變形區域與位置 24
圖2-17 微鏟犁與微切削和刮損角度的比例 24
圖2-18 黏著磨耗示意圖 25
圖2-19 微裂紋沿硬質相周圍傳遞進而產生層狀剝落 25
圖2-20 金屬氧化膜的生成 27
圖2-21 氧化磨耗中氧化膜的破壞與生成 27
圖2-22 強化相的方向性、尺寸、彈性模數、硬度和脆性對於磨耗損失的影響 30
圖3-1 實驗流程圖 34
圖3-2 真空感應熔融示意圖 36
圖3-3 高純度石墨坩堝規格示意圖 37
圖3-4 顯微組織與磨耗試片取樣處 39
圖4-1 Ti與graphite添加量5wt%，加熱溫度1250持溫5分鐘之自生TiC強化Ni基合金之WDS線分析位置示意圖 43
圖4-2 Ti與graphite添加量5wt%，加熱溫度1250持溫5分鐘之自生TiC強化Ni基合金A位置B元素的EPMA線分析結果 43
圖4-3 Ti與graphite添加量5wt%，加熱溫度1250持溫5分鐘之自生TiC強化Ni基合金A位置C元素的EPMA線分析結果 44
圖4-4 加熱溫度1350℃持溫5分鐘，升溫速率20℃/min，降溫速率20℃/min，球磨24小時graphite與Ti的(a)DSC曲線與(b) DSC測試後樣本SEI，未球磨graphite與Ti的(c)DSC曲線與(d) DSC測試後樣本SEI 46
圖4-5 Ti與graphite粉末經DSC加熱至1350℃持溫5分鐘後之樣本XRD分析(a)球磨24小時graphite粉末(b)未球磨graphite粉末 47
圖4-6 Ti與graphite添加量15wt%，加熱溫度1150、1200和 1250℃持溫5分鐘，自生TiC強化Ni基合金XRD結果 49
圖4-7 Ti與graphite添加量5、10和15wt%，加熱溫度1250℃持溫5分鐘，自生TiC強化Ni基合金XRD結果 50
圖4-8 Ti與graphite添加量10wt%，加熱溫度1200℃持溫5分鐘之自生TiC強化Ni基合金之BEI 51
圖4-9 加熱溫度1250℃持溫5分鐘之自生TiC強化Ni基合金顯微組織中鉻碳化物上所生長的TiC和鉻硼化物上所生成的TiB和TiB2 51
圖4-10 網格法計算自生TiC相分率 53
圖4-11 不同Ti與graphite添加量和加熱溫度對自生TiC相分率的影響(a)5wt%、10wt%和15wt%(b)1150、1200和1250℃ 53
圖4-12 Ti與graphite添加量10wt%，加熱溫度1250℃持溫5分鐘，自生
TiC強化Ni基合金的EDS分析 55
圖4-13 Ti與C和B各形成TiC、TiB和TiB2生成自由能曲線[76] 57
圖4-14 Ti與graphite添加量15wt%，加熱溫度1150、1200和1250℃持溫
5分鐘之自生TiC強化Ni基合金巨觀照片 58
圖4-15 Ti與graphite添加量15wt%，加熱溫度1150℃持溫5分鐘之自生
TiC強化Ni基合金層中的孔洞缺陷SEI 60
圖4-16 Ti與graphite添加量15wt%，加熱溫度1150℃持溫5分鐘之自生
TiC強化Ni基合金層中的孔洞EDS分析 61
圖4-17 Ti與graphite添加量15wt%，加熱溫度1150℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重1.7kg，滑移距離5000m時自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗表面SEI 62
圖4-18 Ti與graphite添加量15wt%，加熱溫度1150℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重1.7kg，滑移距離5000m時自生TiC強化Ni基合金之對磨材WC鋼球磨耗表面SEI 63
圖4-19 Ti與graphite添加量15wt%，加熱溫度1200℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重1.7kg滑移距離5000m自生TiC強化Ni基合金的對磨材WC鋼球磨耗表面EDS分析 63
圖4-20 Ti與graphite添加量5到15wt%，加熱溫度1200和1250℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重1.2kg，滑移距離100到10000m時之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗損失量趨勢 65
圖4-21 Ti與graphite添加量5到15wt%，加熱溫度1200和1250℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重1.2kg，滑移距離100到10000m時之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗速率趨勢 66
圖4-22 Ti與graphite添加量5wt%，加熱溫度1200℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重1.2kg和滑移距離(a)100m (b)500m (c)1000m (d)5000m(e)10000m之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗表面SEI(粗箭頭為滑移方向) 68
圖4-23 Ti與graphite添加量10wt%，加熱溫度1200℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重1.2kg和滑移距(a)100m(b)500m(c)1000m(d)5000m(e)10000m之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗表面SEI(粗箭頭為滑移方向) 69
圖4-24 Ti與graphite添加量15wt%，加熱溫度1200℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重1.2kg和滑移距(a)100m(b)500m(c)1000m(d)5000m(e)10000m之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗表面SEI(粗箭頭為滑移方向) 71
圖4-25 Ti與graphite添加量10wt%，加熱溫度1200℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重1.2kg，滑移距離5000m之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗表面高原狀氧化膜EDS分析 72
圖4-26 Ti與graphite添加量5wt%，加熱溫度1250℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重1.2kg和滑移距離(a)100m (b)500m (c)1000m (d)5000m(e)10000m之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗表面SEI(粗箭頭為滑移方向) 74
圖4-27 Ti與graphite添加量10wt%，加熱溫度1250℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重1.2kg和滑移距(a)100m(b)500m(c)1000m(d)5000m(e)10000m之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗表面SEI(粗箭頭為滑移方向) 75
圖4-28 Ti與graphite添加量15wt%，加熱溫度1250℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重1.2kg和滑移距(a)100m(b)500m(c)1000m(d)5000m(e)10000m之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗表面SEI(粗箭頭為滑移方向) 77
圖4-29 自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗軌道中，Ti與graphite添加量與磨屑黏著的關係示意圖(紅色箭頭為滑移方向) 80
圖4-30 Ti與graphite添加量5和15wt%時，加熱溫度1200和1250℃持溫
5分鐘，磨耗荷重1.2 kg，滑移距離100到10000m的自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗損失量趨勢 82
圖4-31 Ti與graphite添加量5和15wt%時，加熱溫度1200和1250℃持溫
5分鐘，磨耗荷重1.2 kg，滑移距離100到10000m的自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗速率趨勢 84
圖4-32 不同Ti與graphite添加量和加熱溫度對自生TiC在Ni基合金中硬質相分布位置與尺寸變化(a)5wt%，1200℃(b)5wt%，1250℃(c)15wt%，1200℃(d) 15wt%，1250℃ 86
圖4-33 Ti與graphite添加量5wt%，加熱溫度1200和1250℃持溫5分鐘，不同磨耗荷重與滑移距離之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗損失量趨勢 90
圖4-34 Ti與graphite添加量10wt%，加熱溫度1200和1250℃持溫5分鐘，不同磨耗荷重與滑移距離之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗損失量趨勢 92
圖4-35 Ti與graphite添加量15wt%，加熱溫度1200和1250℃持溫5分鐘，不同磨耗荷重與滑移距離之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗損失量趨勢 93
圖4-36 Ti與graphite添加量5wt%，加熱溫度1200和1250℃持溫5分鐘，不同磨耗荷重與滑移距離之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗速率趨勢 95
圖4-37 Ti與graphite添加量10wt%，加熱溫度1200和1250℃持溫5分鐘，不同磨耗荷重與滑移距離之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗速率趨勢 96
圖4-38 Ti與graphite添加量15wt%，加熱溫度1200和1250℃持溫5分鐘， 不同磨耗荷重與滑移距離之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗速率趨勢 97
圖4-39 Ti與graphite添加量5wt%，加熱溫度1200℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重0.5kg和滑移距離(a)100m (b)500m (c)1000m (d)5000m(e)10000m之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗表面SEI(粗箭頭為滑移方向) 98
圖4-40 Ti與graphite添加量5wt%，加熱溫度1200℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重1.7kg和滑移距離(a)100m (b)500m (c)1000m (d)5000m(e)10000m之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗表面SEI(粗箭頭為滑移方向) 100
圖4-41 Ti與graphite添加量15wt%，加熱溫度1200℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重0.5kg和滑移距(a)100m(b)500m(c)1000m(d)5000m(e)10000m之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗表面SEI(粗箭頭為滑移方向) 101
圖4-42 Ti與graphite添加量15wt%，加熱溫度1200℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重1.7kg和滑移距(a)100m(b)500m(c)1000m(d)5000m(e)10000m之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗表面SEI(粗箭頭為滑移方向) 103
圖4-43 Ti與graphite添加量5wt%，加熱溫度1250℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重0.5kg和滑移距離(a)100m (b)500m (c)1000m (d)5000m(e)10000m之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗表面SEI(粗箭頭為滑移方向) 104
圖4-44 Ti與graphite添加量5wt%，加熱溫度1250℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重1.7kg和滑移距離(a)100m (b)500m (c)1000m (d)5000m(e)10000m之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗表面SEI(粗箭頭為滑移方向) 106
圖4-45 Ti與graphite添加量5wt%，加熱溫度1250℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重1.7kg，滑移距離10000m之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗表面碎裂狀氧化膜EDS分析 107
圖4-46 Ti與graphite添加量15wt%，加熱溫度1250℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重0.5kg和滑移距(a)100m(b)500m(c)1000m(d)5000m(e)10000m之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗表面SEI(粗箭頭為滑移方向) 109
圖4-47 Ti與graphite添加量15wt%，加熱溫度1250℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重1.7kg和滑移距(a)100m(b)500m(c)1000m(d)5000m(e)10000m之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗表面SEI(粗箭頭為滑移方向) 110
圖4-48 加熱溫度1250℃持溫5分鐘，滑移距離10000m時，不同Ti與
graphite添加量及磨耗荷重之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗軌道縱剖面BEI (a)5wt%、0.5kg(b)5wt%、1.2kg(c)5wt%、1.7kg(d)10wt%、0.5kg(e)10wt%、1.2kg (f)10wt%、1.7kg (g)15wt%、0.5kg(h)15wt%、1.2kg(i)15wt%、1.7kg(粗箭頭為滑移方向) 113
圖4-49 Ti與graphite添加量10wt%，加熱溫度1200℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重0.5kg和滑移距(a)100m(b)500m(c)1000m(d)5000m(e)10000m的自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗表面SEI(粗箭頭為滑移方向) 116
圖4-50 Ti與graphite添加量10wt%，加熱溫度1200℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重1.7kg和滑移距(a)100m(b)500m(c)1000m(d)5000m(e)10000m的自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗表面SEI(粗箭頭為滑移方向) 117
圖4-51 Ti與graphite添加量10wt%，加熱溫度1250℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重0.5kg和滑移距(a)100m(b)500m(c)1000m(d)5000m(e)10000m的自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗表面SEI(粗箭頭為滑移方向) 119
圖4-52 Ti與graphite添加量10wt%，加熱溫度1250℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重1.7kg和滑移距(a)100m(b)500m(c)1000m(d)5000m(e)10000m的自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗表面SEI(粗箭頭為滑移方向) 120
圖4-53 Ti與graphite添加量10wt%，加熱溫度1250℃持溫5分鐘，不同磨耗荷重以及滑移距離1000到10000m之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗後之磨屑SEI (a) 0.5kg、1000m(b) 0.5kg、5000m (c) 0.5kg、10000m (d) 1.2kg、1000m (e) 1.2kg、5000m (f) 1.2kg、10000m (g) 1.7kg、1000m (h) 1.7kg、5000m (i) 1.7kg、10000m 124
圖4-54 自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗機制演變 127

表　目　錄
表2-1 TiC強化Ni基合金顯微組織文獻整理 9
表2-2 TiC強化Ni或Ni基合金磨耗行為文獻整理 31
表3-1 Ni基合金粉末成分 34
表4-1 自生TiC強化Ni基合金各相硬度 55
表4-2 Ti與graphite添加量5到15wt%，加熱溫度1200和1250℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重1.2kg，滑移距離100到10000m之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗損失量數據 65
表4-3 Ti與graphite添加量5到15wt%，加熱溫度1200和1250℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重1.2kg，滑移距離100到10000m之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗速率數據 66
表4-4 Ti與graphite添加量5到15wt%，加熱溫度1200和1250℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重1.2kg，滑移距離100到10000m之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗行為整理 78
表4-5 Ti與graphite添加量5和15wt%時，加熱溫度1200和1250℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重1.2 kg，滑移距離100到10000m的自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗損失量數據 82
表4-6 Ti與graphite添加量5和15wt%時，加熱溫度1200和1250℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重1.2 kg，滑移距離100到10000m的自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗速率數據 84
表4-7 Ti與graphite添加量15wt%，加熱溫度1200和1250℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重1.2kg，滑移距離100到10000m之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗行為整理 88
表4-8 Ti與graphite添加量5wt%，加熱溫度1200和1250℃持溫5分鐘，不同磨耗荷重與滑移距離之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗損失量 數據 90
表4-9 Ti與graphite添加量10wt%，加熱溫度1200和1250℃持溫5分鐘，不同磨耗荷重與滑移距離之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗損失量 數據 91
表4-10 Ti與graphite添加量15wt%，加熱溫度1200和1250℃持溫5分鐘，不同磨耗荷重與滑移距離之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗損失量 數據 93
表4-11 Ti與graphite添加量5wt%，加熱溫度1200和1250℃持溫5分鐘，不同磨耗荷重與滑移距離之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗速率數據 95
表4-12 Ti與graphite添加量10wt%，加熱溫度1200和1250℃持溫5分鐘，不同磨耗荷重與滑移距離之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗速率數據 96
表4-13 Ti與graphite添加量15wt%，加熱溫度1200和1250℃持溫5分鐘，不同磨耗荷重與滑移距離之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗速率數據 97
表4-14 Ti與graphite添加量5和15wt%，加熱溫度1200和1250℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重0.5到1.7kg，滑移距離100到10000m之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗行為整理 112
表4-15 Ti與graphite添加量10wt%，加熱溫度1200和1250℃持溫5分鐘，不同磨耗荷重和滑移距離之自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗行為整理 122
表4-16 Ti與graphite添加量10wt%，加熱溫度1250℃持溫5分鐘，磨耗荷重0.5到1.7kg，滑移距離1000到10000m自生TiC強化Ni基合金磨耗後之磨屑EDS 125
表5-1 自生TiC強化Ni基合金各磨耗條件磨耗行為總整理 131

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