臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

背景：體重過重是全世界流行的公共衛生問題。目前已知體重過重有關的危險因子有高血壓、中風、第2型糖尿病和癌症，甚至影響個人心理健康。近年來有研究發現，相較於正常體重者，體重過重者的抑制控制能力較低，在認知功能測驗的正確率較差且反應時間較慢，此外，肥胖者在大腦事件相關電位的分析也出現較大振幅的N2波以及較小振幅的P3波，分別代表體重過重者的抑制控制能力較差以及專注力不佳。然而，目前有關肥胖者在神經認知功能表現的研究都是以肥胖兒童為主，較少研究針對體重過重的成年女性。適當的運動介入是一種常見的體重管理策略，目前研究證實高強度間歇運動(HIIT)可以改善肥胖者的健康和心血管功能，同時又具省時又享受的優點。但有學者建議改以運動強度較輕微的HIIT介入提供給體重過重女性族群或久坐上班族可能更容易執行。因此，本研究旨在探討12週中等強度身體重量訓練結合有氧運動間歇訓練介入對體重過重成年女性在體適能及執行控制之大腦事件相關電位參數的影響。研究方法：本研究招募共41位20-45歲成年女性，並依身體質量指數(BMI)分為正常體重組(BMI<25 kg/m2)與體重過重組(BMI≥25 kg/m2)。兩組皆在監督下進行每週五天、每次30分鐘、為期12週監督式中等強度間些運動(MIIE)，接著再進行12週的自主式運動。每位受試者會在運動介入前及第12週運動介入後一週內評估體適能及認知神經測驗(Go/nogo測驗)的行為表現，同時記錄大腦事件相關電位之N2波及P3波的振幅及潛時。在第24週自主式運動介入後，進行運動依附次數統計及飲食紀錄。統計分析則採用重複量測混合變異數分析(mixed repeated measures analysis of variance (RM–ANOVA)、配對樣本t檢定與獨立樣本t檢定評量組內與組間的差異，所有的統計顯著性α 水準訂為0.05。結果：所有受試者在12週介入後，體重 (前測：66.7±10.4kg ，後測： 65.5±9.7kg, p<.05)、BMI (前測: 25.8± 3.9 kg/m2 ，後測: 25.4± 3.6 kg/m2, p <.05)、腰圍(前測: 81.1± 8.3cm，後測：77.6±7.0cm, p<.05)、腹圍(前測：89.7±9.5cm，後測：84.6±7.8cm, p<.05)以及臀圍(pre：104.5±7.5cm，後測：101.2±6.7 cm, p<.05)皆顯著下降。在體適能方面，腹肌 (前測：23.0±6.2次，後測：26.4±6.4次, p<.05)、下肢功能性肌力(前測：24.0±4.7次，後測：30.4±4.0, p<.05)及心肺適能(前測27.1±3.9ml/kg/min，後測：32.0±4.7ml/kg/min, p<.05)皆顯著提升。在神經認知的行為表現方面，所有受試者在12週監督式MIIE介入後 P3波振幅()顯著增加(前測：2.92±2.2 μV，後測：5.19±2.9 μV)；且監督式的出席率(89.5±14.2%)高於自主式出席率(58.5±32.6%, p<.05)。結論：對體重過重與正堂體重坐式生活的成年女性而言，12週中等強度身體重量訓練結合有氧運動訓練介入在體重、體圍、體適能與專注力皆有正面的效果。

Background: Overweight have become the public health problems in the world. Most studies demonstrated that overweight correlated to the risk of the physical health, such as hypertension, stroke, type II diabetes,certain types of cancer, and even affected mental health. Recent years, several studies found that overweight individuals had lower inhibitory control abilityand accuracy rate, and slower reaction time in the cognitive behavior performance task compared to the individuals with normal weight. In addition, according to the analysis of the event-related potentials (ERPs), individuals with obese had larger amplitude of N2 wave and smaller amplitude of P3 wave, which indicated poor inhibition control and attention, respectively. However, most studies focused on obese children. There was limited study on overweight female adults. Exercise intervention is a common strategy of weight loss strategy. High intensity interval training (HIIT) has been confirmed to be able to improve health outcomes and cardiovascular function, as well as the bebefits in enjoyable and time-efficient. Nevertheless, some scholar suggested that modified to minor HIIT might be more implimentl for the overweight females and sedentary adults. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of 12-week moderate intensity body weight training combine aerobic exercise interval training on fitness and event related potential of executive control in overweight female adults. Methods: The study were recruit forty-one female adults aged 20-45 years and then divide into normal weight group (BMI<25 kg/m2) and overweight group (BMI≥25 kg/m2) by body mass index (BMI). Both groups accepted a 30 minutes supervised MIIE, 5 days per week for 12 weeks. And then accepted another self-training MIIE for 12weeks. The fitness and cognitive behavior performance tasks (Go/nogo task) were assessed before and after the supervised MIIE. The mixed repeated measures analysis of variance (RM–ANOVA) were used to detect the differences in group, condition and electrodes, the paired t-test was used to detect the differences within group, and the independent t-test was used to detect the differences between groups. All significance levels was set at α= 0.05. Results: There weresignificant reduction of all participants in body weight (pre: 66.7± 10.4kg vs. post: 65.5± 9.7kg, p <.05), BMI (pre: 25.8± 3.9 kg/m2 vs. post: 25.4± 3.6 kg/m2, p <.05), waist circumference (pre: 81.1 ± 8.3cm vs. post: 77.6 ± 7.0 cm , p <.05), abdominal circumference (pre: 89.7 ± 9.5 cm vs. post: 84.6 ± 7.8 cm , p <.05), and hip circumference (pre: 104.5 ± 7.5 cm vs. post: 101.2±6.7cm ,p<.05) after the 12-week supervised MIIE without group difference. In fitness, the strength in abdominals (pre: 23.0±6.2 reps vs. post: 26.4±6.4 reps, p <.05) and lower extrmity (pre: 24.0±4.7reps vs. post: 30.4±4.0, p<.05), and predicted VO2max (pre27.1 ± 3.9 ml/kg/min vs. post: 32.0± 4.7 ml/kg/min, p<.05) were significantly improved after the 12-week MIIE in all participants without group difference. The P3 ampulitude was significantly improved (pre: 2.92±2.2μV, post: 5.19±2.9μV, p<.05) in all participants after the 12-week MIIE. The attendance rate in supervised (89.5 ± 14.2 %) was higher than that in self training (58.5 ± 32.6 %, p < .000). Conclusion: The 12-week moderate intensity body weight training combined aerobic exercise interval training showed a positive effect on weight, body circumferences, fitness and neurocognitive functions in attention both in overweight and normal weight sedentary female adults.

摘要 V
Abstract VII
第一章緒論 1
1.1介紹與背景 1
1.2體重管理策略與運動處方 2
1.3研究動機 4
1.4研究目的 4
1.5研究假說 5
第二章文獻回顧 6
2.1肥胖的定義、發生率與檢測方法 6
2.2肥胖對健康的危害 6
2.3肥胖對認知的負面影響 7
2.4肥胖者的抑制控制能力 9
2.5體重管理的策略 12
2.6運動介入減重對認知神經的潛在影響 1
2.7減重運動對肥胖者認知功能的影響 3
2.8 HIIT與採用MIIE對認知神經功能的效果 3
2.9小結 4
第三章、材料與方法 6
3.1受試對象 6
3.2 研究設計 6
3.3中等強度間歇運動(Moderate intensity interval exercise，MIIE)介入 8
3.4測量方法與步驟 9
3.4.1貝克憂鬱量表及七日身體活動量之評估 10
3.4.2身體組成測量 10
3.4.3體能測試 10
3.4.4大腦事件相關電位(event-related potential) 11
3.4.5運動依附效應之評估： 14
3.5資料收集與分析 14
3.5.1基本資料 14
3.5.2身體組成之變數 14
3.5.3體適能之變數 14
3.5.4行為表現之變數 15
3.5.5大腦事件相關電位(ERP)之變數 15
3.5.6運動依附性及飲食記錄 15
3.6統計分析 15
第四章 結果 17
4.1基本資料 17
4.2身體組成 17
4.3運動強度 20
4.4體適能 21
4.4.1腹肌肌力 (Sit-up) 21
4.4.2下肢功能性肌力 (Chair stand) 21
4.4.3預估最大攝氧量 (Estimated VO2 max) 21
4.5大腦事件相關電位之認知神經測驗之行為表現 22
4.5.1認知神經測驗行為表現之正確率 22
4.5.2認知神經測驗行為表現之反應時間 23
4.6大腦事件相關電位之腦電圖(EEG) 23
4.6.1 N2波 23
4.6.2反應P3波 24
4.7運動依附及飲食紀錄 26
第五章討論 29
5.1身體組成 29
5.2體適能 30
5.3大腦事件相關電位 30
5.4運動依附 33
第六章、結論與限制 34
第七章、參考文獻 35

 
圖表目錄
圖 1、 實驗流程圖 7
圖 2、收錄腦波設備HP及Sony 筆記型電腦及放大器 12
圖 3、Go/nogo 測驗示意圖 13
圖 4、Go/ nogo 測驗示意圖 14
圖5、12週監督式MIIE運動介入之平均心跳及運動強度後 20
圖 6、12週運動介入後Go/nogo認知神經測驗之正確率 22
圖 7、12週運動介入後Go/nogo認知神經測驗之反應時間 23
圖 8、正常體重(CG)組與體重過重(OG)組在Go/nogo測驗go情境與nogo情境下，Fz、FCz、Cz與Pz四個電極位置前後測的腦波總平均(grand average)圖 25
圖 9、兩組在第0週、第1-12週監督式運動及第13-24週自主式運動介入之身體活動量比較圖 27
圖 10、兩組在第0週、第1-12週監督式運動及第13-24週自主式運動介入之飲食記錄比較圖 28
表格
表格 1、肥胖者接受有氧運動、阻力訓練、結合有氧運動與阻力訓練之介入成效 16
表格 2、肥胖者接受高強度間歇訓練(HIIT)之介入成效 17
表格 3、基本資料表 17
表格 4、身體組成在12週監督式運動訓練介入前後的變化 20
表格 5、體適能在12週監督式運動訓練介入前後的變化 21
附錄
附錄 1、體能活動準備度問卷(Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire; PAR-Q) 40
附錄 2、研究對象同意書 41
附錄 3、運動心跳紀錄單 44
附錄 4、運動介入動作設計圖 45
附錄 5、貝克憂鬱量表(Beck Depression Inventory; BDI-II) 50
附錄 6、七日身體活動量問卷 52

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