臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

研究背景與目的：積極富能為感知幸福的標準，心理韌性則是面對困境時能調適逆境的能力。據過往文獻顯示，情緒為發展積極富能、心理韌性的重要因素（Fredrickson & Losada, 2005；Cohn, Fredrickson, Brown, Mikels & Conway, 2009；Liu, Wang & Li, 2012），社會自我效能感則為開啟、維持人際互動的信心感知，並將藉由正性情緒發展出較佳的幸福感（Caprara & Steca, 2005），但過去研究未精緻區分互動型態的不同可能衍生的不同人際情緒。因此，本研究將採Rivera與Grinkis（1986）的人際情緒測量大學生互動中之情緒感知，並以一日重建法（Day reconstruction method）進行連續五週測量，以釐清社會自我效能感藉由人際情緒影響積極富能、心理韌性的效果。此外，本研究納入華人文化的中庸思維，亦釐清調節負性人際情緒的程度。研究方法：70名大學生連續五週參與研究，平均年齡為21.51歲（S.D = 1.02），女性佔七成七，大學二、三年級佔七成一。研究工具包含：社會自我效能感知量表、PERMA積極富能量表、心理韌性量表、中庸信念—價值量表、一日重建法—社交互動情境問卷。研究結果與討論：（1）自信、憂鬱情緒皆能顯著預測積極富能—整體幸福感、正性情緒及心理韌性。（2）社會自我效能感能穩定透過提升自我情緒平衡，來增加積極富能—整體幸福感及他人關係、心理韌性。（3）社會自我效能感能透過增加自我情緒平衡提高心理韌性，進而提升積極富能—整體幸福感、與他人關係及生活意義。（4）互動中的鄙視情緒影響全心投入的效果，受中庸思維所調節，在中低中庸思維以上時，鄙視情緒不再影響全心投入；此外，互動中失望、害怕情緒分別影響積極富能—成就感、心理韌性的效果，均受到中庸思維調節，尤其中高程度中庸思維以上時，二種人際情緒將分別使成就感、心理韌性降低。（5）社會自我效能感影響負性互動情緒，進而影響積極富能、心理韌性時，中庸思維的調節作用未發生在互動情緒影響積極富能、心理韌性間。（6）中庸思維在社會自我效能感透過生氣影響整體幸福感、正性情緒、全心投入的效果具有調節中介作用，調節效果發生在社會自我效能感影響生氣情緒間，尤其中低程度以上中庸思維時，社會自我效能感不再藉由生氣情緒影響積極富能，即中介模式不成立。結論：社會自我效能感將藉由提升正性互動情緒及降低負性互動情緒使積極富能、心理韌性提升，尤其自我情緒平衡此一納入正、負性自我情緒之對比關係所形成的互動情緒指標，具有穩定的部分中介作用及系列中介作用。此外，負性互動情緒受中庸思維調節，亦合乎該思維能視作調節負性情緒之認知模式的觀點。另一方面，納入社會自我效能感後，中庸思維不再於負性互動情緒影響積極富能、心理韌性間顯現調節作用，相反的調節作用發生在社會自我效能感影響負性互動情緒間，顯示個體誘發負性人際情緒前，即可能藉由中庸思維調整人際情緒，此現象的穩定性值得未來更深入探討。

Research background and purpose：Flourishing was seen as an index for measuring well-being, while resilience was defined as the ability to cope with stressful situations. Past researches indicated that emotion is an important factor in the development of flourishing and resilience (Fredrickson & Losada, 2005；Cohn, Fredrickson, Brown, Mikels, & Conway, 2009；Liu, Wang & Li, 2012). Besides, social self-efficacy was characterized by perception of confidence in initiating social interaction and maintaining interpersonal relationships, which suggested that individuals who have more confident with their social skills may develop better well-being through positive emotion (Caprara & Steca, 2005). However, the role of interpersonal emotion was not yet clarified due to lacking analysis of emotion induced by certain interpersonal interaction event in previous studies. The present research use the interpersonal emotion which introduced by Rivera & Grinkis (1986), as an index of college students’ emotion measurement in social interaction and administrated by Day Reconstruction Method (DRM) for five consecutive weeks. The aim of the present study was to investigate if interpersonal emotions have partial contribution when using social self-efficacy to predict flourishing and resilience. Furthermore, Zhong–Yong in Chinese culture also incorporate in this study and investigate how negative interpersonal emotion have an impact on flourishing and resilience while the relationship was moderated by Zhong–Yong thinking style. Method：The study recruited 70 college students (mean age= 21.51, S.D = 1.02), 77% were female, 71% were 1st and 2nd grade students. The study included Chinese versions of Scale of Perceived Social Self–Efficacy (PSSE), Perma–profiler and resilience scales, ZhongYong believe–value scale and social interaction versions of DRM as research tools. Result and Discussion：1) Both confidence (positively) and depressed (negatively) in social interaction have significant predictability of flourishing-overall well-being, positive emotion dimension, and resilience.2) Net affect(self) increased along with increasing social self-efficacy, and then flourishing–overall well-being, relationship with others dimension, and resilience increased accordingly. 3) Net affect(self) increased along with increasing social self-efficacy, and then resilience increased accordingly. After then, flourishing–overall well-being, relationship with others, meaning of life dimension improved. 4) Despise in social interaction has an impact on flourishing–accomplishment, and the relationship is moderated by Zhong–Yong. However, despise has no impact on flourishing–engagement above low to moderate Zhong–Yong level. Disappointment in social interaction has an impact on flourishing-accomplishment, while fear in interaction has an impact on resilience, and both impacts were moderated by Zhong-Yong thinking style. Disappointment and fear decreased flourishing–accomplishment and resilience respectively especially above moderate to high Zhong–Yong level. 5) When social self-efficacy have an impact on flourishing and resilience through negative interpersonal emotion, Zhong–Yong has no moderation effect among negative interpersonal emotion and flourishing, resilience. 6) Zhong–Yong have moderated mediation effect on social self-efficacy influence flourishing–overall well-being, positive emotion, engagement dimension via anger. Besides, moderated effect among social self–efficacy and anger was found. Furthermore, the mediation model cannot be established above low to moderate Zhong–Yong level.Conclusion： The result of present study showed that social self–efficacy could increase flourishing, resilience, through increase positive interpersonal emotion and decrease negative interpersonal emotion respectively. It was worth mentioned that net affect(self) which included in contrast between positive and negative interpersonal emotion has stable partial mediating effect and serial mediating effect. Moreover, negative interpersonal emotion was moderated by Zhong-Yong, which was in accordance with the perspective that Zhong–Yong could be seen as cognitive strategy which regulates negative emotions. On the other hand, if take social self-efficacy into account, Zhong–Yong caused the relationship between negative interpersonal emotion and flourishing, resilience vanished .Conversely, social self-efficacy’s influence on negative interpersonal emotion was moderated by Zhong–Yong. This result indicated that before individuals experience their negative emotion which induced by social context, Zhong–Yong may play a role for regulate the emotional feeling. The stability of this phenomenon is worthy of further investigation in the future.

目 錄
目錄………………………………………………………………………….........….I
表目錄………………………………………………………………………….........VII
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………….........IX
附錄目錄………………………………………………………………………….....XI
第一章 研究緣起與動機…………………………………………………………...1
第二章 文獻探討…………………………………………………………………...3
第一節 情緒與人際情緒……………………………....................…………….3
第二節 社會自我效能感與情緒…………………………………................….8
第三節 積極富能與情緒................…………………………………………….11
第四節 心理韌性與情緒................…………………………………………….16
第五節 中庸思維與情緒................…………………………………………….19
第六節 一日重建法與相關研究………........................................................….23
第七節 研究目的....................………………………………………………….25
第三章 研究方法…………………………………………………………………...27
第一節 研究對象……………………………………………………………….27
第二節 研究設計……………………………………………………………….28
第三節 研究工具……………………………………………………………….40
第四節 研究流程……………………………………………………………….48
第五節 資料處理及分析……………………………………………………….50
第四章 研究結果……………………………………………………………….......51
第一節 描述性統計分析……………....................................................…….....51
第二節 人際情緒至積極富能、心理韌性之最佳化預測模式……………….69
第三節 人際情緒在社會自我效能感影響積極富能、心理韌性之中介作用.77
第四節 人際情緒在社會自我效能感與積極富能、心理韌性間的平行中介及
平行序列中介分析…………....................................................…….....88
第五節 中庸思維於人際情緒影響積極富能、心理韌性之調節作用…….....98
第六節 人際情緒在社會自我效能感與積極富能、心理韌性之中介作用，及
中庸思維所扮演的調節角色....................................................……...106
第五章 綜合討論……………………………………………………………….....112
第一節 研究假設的驗證及討論………………….....…………………..........112
第二節 研究假設外的相關發現………………….....…………………..........124
第三節 研究限制……………………………………………………………...133
第四節 未來研究方向………………………………………………………….137
第五節 研究貢獻與臨床應用………………………………………………….139
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………….142
附錄…....…………………………………………………………………………….152

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