臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要是將週期性結構應用於單頻阻抗轉換器、寬頻阻抗轉換器以及雙頻阻抗轉換器。在微波元件的設計中，阻抗轉換通常僅是電路設計的一部份，其主要目的是降低電路中相互連接，但不同阻抗部份間的反射現象，傳統四分之ㄧ波長的設計在頻率較低時往往會有電路尺寸過長的現象，導致電路佈局上受到許多限制，這問題可以用不同的電路結構來達到縮小電路尺寸的效果。在眾多的微形縮小化技術中，本研究提出以週期性結構來達到此目的，透過理論推導的方式以較短的傳輸線段來取代四分之一波長阻抗轉換器，並將其應用於單頻阻抗轉換器、寬頻阻抗轉換器以及雙頻阻抗轉換器。本文將採用電磁模擬軟體HFSS針對所提出的設計進行模擬，再以實驗的方法做進一步的應證，來證實本研究所提出的方法可以有效地縮減電路尺寸並達到阻抗轉換的功能。

A study on the applications of periodical structures for narrow-band, broad
-band, and dual-band impedance transformer is described in this thesis. Impedance transformers normally present themselves as a partial design of microwave components and serve the purpose of minimizing reflections between two connected portions of different impedances within the circuits. Traditional quarter-wave impedance transformers suffer from oversize problems at lower frequencies, which lead to many restrictions in circuit layouts. These problems can be solved by employing periodical structures for circuit designs to achieve the goal of size reduction. In this thesis, the application of periodical structures for impedance transformers is analyzes. A quarter-wavelength microstrip line is to be replaced by a shorter line loaded with periodical transmission-line stubs. This design will be developed for narrow-band, broad-band, and dual-band impedance transformers. In this study, the commercial EM simulator HFSS will be chosen to conduct the required simulations. The simulation results will be confirmed experimentally to prove that the proposed periodical structures can effectively reduce the size of impedance transformers.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌謝 iv
目錄 v
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
第一章 序論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 2
1.2.1 阻抗轉換器文獻探討 2
1.2.2 電路尺寸縮小之文獻探討 3
1.3 論文架構 5
第二章 阻抗轉換器與週期性結構的分析 6
2.1 微帶線的簡介 6
2.2 週期性結構 7
2.2.1 週期性結構的基礎理論分析 7
2.2.2 週期性結構的等校理論分析 12
2.3 阻抗轉換器 16
2.3.1 各阻抗轉換器操作頻帶的選擇 17
2.3.2 2.4GHz 單頻阻抗轉換器 17
2.3.3 5GHz 寬頻阻抗轉換器 23
2.3.3.1 柴比雪夫阻抗轉換器設計方式 24
2.3.3.2 以週期性結構等校柴比雪夫多級串接阻抗轉
換器 25
2.3.4 2.4GHz/5.8GHz 雙頻阻抗轉換器 28
2.3.4.1 兩段式雙頻柴比雪夫阻抗轉換器設計方式 29
2.3.4.2 以週期性結構等校兩段式雙頻柴比雪夫阻抗轉
換器 30
2.4 微帶線殘段銜接方式 33
2.5 討論 36
第三章 週期性結構阻抗轉換器 37
3.1 雙埠非對稱TRL校正 37
3.2 週期性結構等校阻抗轉換器之非對稱TRL 40
3.2.1 非對稱TRL響應模擬 40
3.2.2 實作與量測 44
3.3 週期性結構額外應用－步階阻抗低通濾波器 51
3.3.1 週期性結構步階阻抗低通濾波器的模擬 51
3.3.2 週期性結構步階阻抗低通濾波器的實作與量測 55
3.4 討論 56
第四章 結論 58
參考文獻 60

[1] D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, 3rd ed. New York: Wiley, 2005.
[2] G. L. Matthaei, “Short-step chebyshev impedance transformers,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 14, No. 8, pp. 372 - 383, Aug. 1966.
[3] P. W. Van Der Walt, “Short-step-stub chebyshev impedance transformers,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 34, No. 8, pp. 863 - 868, Aug. 1986.
[4] A. Nesic and S. Jovanovic, “A new small size wideband impedance transformer,” International Conference on Telecommunications in Modern Satellite, Cable and Broadcasting Services, pp. A163 - A166, 2005.
[5] Kian Sen Ang, Chee How Lee and Yoke Choy Leong, “Analysis and design of coupled line impedance transformers,” IEEE MTT-S InternationalMicrowave Symposium Digest, Vol. 3, pp. 1951 - 1954, 2004.
[6] T. Jensen, V. Zhurbenko, V. Krozer and P. Meincke, “Coupled transmission lines as impedance transformer,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 55, No. 12, pp. 2957 - 2965, Dec. 2007.
[7] Y. L. Chow and K. L. Wan, “A transformer of one-third wavelength in two sections – for a frequency and its first harmonic, ” IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2002.
[8] C. Monzon ,“ Analytical derivation of a two-section impedance transformer for a frequency and its first harmonic,” IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 12, No. 10, 2002.
[9] C. Monzon, “A small dual-frequency transformer in two sections,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 1157 - 1161, April 2003.
[10] S. J. Orfanidis, “A two-section dual-band chebyshev impedance transformer,” IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 13, No. 9, pp. 382 - 384, Sep. 2003.
[11] I-Hsiang Lin, M. DeVincentis,C. Caloz and T. Itoh,“Arbitrary Dual-Band Components Using Composite Right/Left-Handed Transmission Lines,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 1142 - 1149, April 2004.
[12] Hee-Ran Ahn and T. Itoh, “Isolation circuit of impedance-transforming 3-dB compact baluns for near perfect output matching and isolation,” IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, pp. 113 – 116, 2010.
[13] Po-Hsiang Tu and Chao-Hsiung Tseng, “Design of A Compact Rat-Race Coupler Using Dual Transmission Lines,” Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, pp. 1224 – 1227, 2010.
[14] Kae-Oh Sun, Sung-Jin Ho, Chih-Chuan Yen and D. van der Weide, “A compact branch-line coupler using discontinuous microstrip lines,” IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 15, No. 8, pp. 519 - 520, Aug. 2005.
[15] T. Fujii and I. Ohta, “Size-reduction of coupled-microstrip 3 dB forwardcouplers by loading with periodic shunt capacitive stubs,” IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 2005.
[16] Ching-Ian Shie, Jui-Ching Cheng, Sheng-Chun Chou and Yi-Chyun Chiang, “Trans-directional coupled-line couplers implemented by periodical shuntcapacitors,”IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 57, No. 12, pp. 2981 - 2988, Dec. 2009.
[17] R. A. Soares, P. Gouzien, P. Legaud and G. Follot, “A unified mathematical approach to two-port calibration techniques and some applications,”IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 37, No. 11, pp. 1669 - 1674, Nov. 1989.