臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　長江出海口為東海重要的漁場之一，本研究於2006~2014年夏季，利用海研一號、海研二號及海研五號以浮游生物網(ORI)及溫深鹽度計(CTD)進行五年共計六個航次的長江出海口海域現場生物採樣和水文觀測，再以豐度、物種組成、生物多樣性指數及仔稚魚群集分析來探討夏季長江出海口斷面測線之夏季仔稚魚群聚結構與水文變化 。
　　水文資料顯示，夏季年間不同航次之溫鹽環境、溶氧與營養鹽組成並不相同，海水溫度範圍在17.61℃至28.41℃之間，而鹽度範圍則是落在18.00至34.85之間；溶氧範圍則介於0.85至340.9μmol/kg之間；營養鹽方面分別為NO2平均濃度在0.19~0.37μM、NO3平均濃度為5.83~11.25、PO4平均濃度為0.32~0.71而SiO3平均濃度介於8.61~15.01之間。至於仔稚魚豐度在1325.5～23151.6 ind/1000m3變動(平均豐度10076.7±10913.0 ind/1000m3)，具有年間差異(p<0.05)。
　　此外，本研究共採集到18729尾仔稚魚，分屬56科119類，其中優勢物種包含鰕虎科(42.81%)、日本鯷(35.92%)、七星底燈魚(3.61%)、花鰹屬(2.64%)、舌鰨屬(2.1.%)及阿拉伯犀鱈(1.80%)。透過ANOSIM檢定顯示航次間物種組成具差異，亦即研究區域之夏季仔稚魚種類組成具有年間變動。
　　而多樣性指數(歧異度、均勻度及豐富度)結果顯示類別及科別層級之年間差異低，在空間分布上皆呈現隨離岸距離而遞增的趨勢。仔稚魚發育階段方面，以脊索末端上屈前仔魚(Preflexion larva)階段比例最高(32454.22 ind/1000m3 )佔51.49%，顯示長江出海口海域為一良好的育幼場。
　　進一步比對所有航次測站之群集分析得知，仔稚魚之夏季群集可區分為沿岸群、陸棚群、混合群及陸棚中央群。其優勢物種組成如下：沿岸群為鰕虎科佔89%及日本鯷佔4.32%；陸棚群為日本鯷佔70.93%、花鰹屬佔4.85%、七星底燈魚佔4.62%、鰕虎科佔4.34%；混合群包含日本鯷佔13.16%、舌鰨屬佔11.56%、阿拉伯犀鱈佔8.42%、鰕虎科佔6.86%、蝴蝶魚科佔5.56%、花鰹屬佔5.41%；而陸棚中央群其優勢物種為七星底燈魚佔38.49%、日本鯷佔9.97%、鰕虎科佔6.53%。除夏季陸棚中央群僅有單一測站無法分析外，由ANOSIM檢定結果得知群集間之物種組成具有差異，且阿拉伯犀鱈與七星底燈魚在高溫、低鹽的水域中有較高的豐度分布；而日本鯷與鰕虎科之仔稚魚分布在較低溫、低鹽的水域；相反地，花鰹屬則是分布在較高溫高鹽的水域，顯示水文的變動可反映在物種群集結構上。

This study was tried to investigate summer ichthyoplankton assemblages associated with the hydrologic conditions in Changjiang estuary using the ORI net and CTD hydrological sampling from 2006 to 2014.
　　Sea surface temperature was varied between 17.61℃ and 28.41℃, while sea water surface salinity was ranged from 18.00 to 34.85. In addition, total number of 18729 fish larvae were collected from 27 stations, and 119 taxa contributing to 56 families were identified. The five most dominant species were Gobiidae spp. (42.81%), Engraulis japonicas (35.92), Benthosema pterotum (3.61%), Auxis spp.(2.64%), Cynoglossus spp. (2.1%) and Bregmaceros arabicus (1.80%). Their composition and average abundances of ichthyoplankton in six cruises were significantly different (p<0.05) while the abundances were varied between 1325.5 and 23151.6 ind/1000m3.
　　For the biology diversity including the Richness, Shannon and Evenness, these indices were decreased with the distance away from the coast. And the percentage for the development of larval life in Preflexion larva stage was the highest about 51.5%, proved the Changjiang estuary for a great nursery ground.
　　Four summer communities of fish larvae were recognized by cluster analysis as coastal group, continental shelf group, mixing group and central continental shelf group. The most dominant species in coastal group were Gobiidae spp. (89%), E. japonicas (4.32%). The most dominant species in continental shelf group were E. japonicas (70.93%), Auxis spp. (4.85%), B. pterotum (4.62%) and Gobiidae spp. (4.34%). And the most dominant species in mixing group were E. japonicas (13.16%), Cynoglossus spp. (11.56%), B. arabicus (8.42%), Gobiidae spp. (6.68%), Chaetodontidae spp. (5.56%) and Auxis spp. (5.41%). The Pearson correlation coefficient of dominant species with temperature and salinity indicated that the species of B. arabicus and B. pterotum like to inhabit at the relative high temperature and low salinity, as E. japonicas inhabit at the relative low temperature and salinity and Auxis spp. inhabit at the relative high temperature and salinity. It sugguested that change in hydrologic pattern could give response to the ichthyoplankton communities.

表目錄 III
圖目錄 VI
摘要 VII
Abstract VIII
壹、前言 1
一、長江河口域概況 1
二、仔稚魚研究之目的 1
三、研究動機 3
貳、材料與方法 4
一、實驗樣本採集 4
(一)採樣時間與地點 4
(二)水文環境資料觀測 4
(三)仔稚魚樣本採集 4
二、仔稚魚樣本與水文資料分析 4
(一)水文環境資料 4
(二)生物樣本鑑定 5
三、資料分析 6
(一)營養鹽資料測定 6
(二)仔稚魚豐度(abundance)計測 6
(三)豐富度指數(Margelef’ s Index of species richness) 7
(四)歧異度指標(Diversity Index) 7
(五)均勻度指標(Evenness Index) 7
(六)t-test檢定 8
(七)群集分析(Cluster analysis) 8
(八)相似度分析(ANOSIM, Analysis of Similarities) 8
(九)皮爾森相關係數(Pearson correlation coefficient) 9
(十) 主成分分析(Principal component analysis, PCA) 9
參、結果 10
一、水文環境特性 10
(一)溫、鹽度水文分布 10
(二)葉綠素濃度分布 11
(三)溶氧分布 11
(四)營養鹽分布 11
二、仔稚魚之豐度變化及發育階段比較 12
三、仔稚魚種類組成 13
四、多樣性指數 15
五、仔稚魚群聚結構與群集物種組成 16
六、優勢物種與海洋環境因子之關係 18
肆、討論 19
一、水文環境變動 19
二、仔稚魚之資源結構 20
三、航次測站間仔稚魚群聚之比較分析 22
四、主要優勢物種與水文環境之關係 24
伍、結論與建議 26
參考文獻 29


表目錄
Table. 1各航次各測站之地理位置、採樣時間與採樣深度 37
Table. 2各航次各測站之地理位置、採樣時間與採樣深度(續一) 38
Table. 3各航次測站之環境、生物因子組成一覽表 39
Table. 4各航次測站之仔稚魚豐度組成表 40
Table. 5各航次之仔稚魚總豐度值t檢定(p<0.05，具顯著差異) 41
Table. 6各航次(CR1360、836、905)各測站之仔稚魚種類組成百分比 42
Table. 6各航次(CR1360、836、905)各測站之仔稚魚種類組成百分比(續一) 43
Table. 6各航次(CR1360、836、905)各測站之仔稚魚種類組成百分比(續二) 44
Table. 6各航次(CR1360、836、905)各測站之仔稚魚種類組成百分比(續三) 45
Table. 6各航次(CR1360、836、905)各測站之仔稚魚種類組成百分比(續四) 46
Table. 7各航次(CR932、0042、1086)各測站之仔稚魚種類組成百分比 47
Table. 7各航次(CR932、0042、1086)各測站之仔稚魚種類組成百分比(續一) 48
Table. 7各航次(CR932、0042、1086)各測站之仔稚魚種類組成百分比(續二) 49
Table. 7各航次(CR932、0042、1086)各測站之仔稚魚種類組成百分比(續三) 50
Table. 7各航次(CR932、0042、1086)各測站之仔稚魚種類組成百分比(續四) 51
Table. 8各航次間仔稚魚物種組成之ANOSIM檢定 52
Table. 9 2006年(CR1360)之群聚優勢物種組成表 53
Table. 10 2007年(CR836)之群聚優勢物種組成表 54
Table. 11 2009年(CR905)之群聚優勢物種組成表 55
Table. 12 2010年(CR932)之群聚優勢物種組成表 56
Table. 13 2014年07月(CR0042)之群聚優勢物種組成表 57
Table. 14 2014年08月(CR1086)之群聚優勢物種組成表 58
Table. 15 生物因子(日本鯷豐度)與環境因子之主成分分析 59
Table. 16 長江出海口海域斷面測線之仔稚魚夏季群集 60
Table. 17 各航次之長江平均瞬時流量 61
Table. 18 仔稚魚優勢物種之相對重要性指數IRI組成 62
Table. 19 東海海域過去之群集組成研究一覽表 63
Table. 19 東海海域過去之群集組成研究一覽表(續一) 64
Table. 19 東海海域過去之群集組成研究一覽表(續二) 65
Table. 19 東海海域過去之群集組成研究一覽表(續三) 66
Table. 19 東海海域過去之群集組成研究一覽表(續四) 67

圖目錄
Fig. 1本研究之採樣測站區域及測站 68
Fig. 2 ORI浮游生物網網具圖 69
Fig. 3 仔稚魚各發育階段之區分及其外部型態特徵(引自Kendall et al., 1984) 70
Fig. 4 各航次測站間之T-S diagram 71
Fig. 5 各航次測站於採樣期間之溫度垂直剖面圖 72
Fig. 6各航次測站於採樣期間之鹽度垂直剖面圖 73
Fig. 7各航次測站於採樣期間之葉綠素a垂直剖面圖 74
Fig. 8各航次測站於採樣期間之溶氧垂直剖面圖 75
Fig. 9長江沖淡水之溫鹽水團(鹽度<31、溫度>23℃)測站分布 76
Fig. 10 各航次測站之豐度變化圖 77
Fig. 11 各航次年間之總豐度組成長條圖 78
Fig. 13 所有航次測站之仔稚魚發育階段組成圖 80
Fig. 14 日本鯷之發育階段豐度及其分布位置 81
Fig. 15 七星底燈魚之發育階段豐度及其分布位置 82
Fig. 16 各航次之仔稚魚物種組成圖 83
Fig.17 各航次測站之歧異度指數折線圖 84
Fig.18 各航次測站之均勻度指數折線圖 85
Fig.19 各航次測站之豐富度指數折線圖 86
Fig. 20 各航次測站之群聚樹狀圖 87
Fig. 21 各航次測站之群聚樹狀圖 88
Fig. 22各航次測站群集之平面分佈 89
Fig. 23所有航次群集群之群聚結構 90
Fig. 24所有航次測站之群集時空分布圖 91
Fig. 25優勢物種與SST(5m)、SSS(5m)之平面關係圖 92
Fig. 26日本鯷豐度與環境因子關係之平面圖 93
Fig. 27各航次測站之海表溫(5m)分布圖 94
Fig. 28 東海海域海流分布圖(引用Lin et al., 2016) 95

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