臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

目前高密度都市街廓中建築物朝密集且高層化發展，致使市中心內高層建築量體群呈現嚴重的弱風甚至無風區域，常導致通風換氣率降低和污染物蓄積。
近年來通風廊道觀念在城市建築規劃、設計與建設過程中逐漸被提出，期望朝著盛行風向建置廊道以導風入市區，使氣流能提高微氣候環境之通風效果，以有效地驅散室外空氣污染和增進室內空氣流通。本研究擬針對高密度都市街廓
之廊道設計建立城市環境建築群模型，藉由計算流體力學(CFD)模擬技術，探討不同廊道設計與構型、通風廊道的設置、盛行風方向、都市街廓之街寬與深度、建築物量體高度和幾何外形等因素對高密度都市街廓之通風透氣與降低污染物擴散、蓄積之影響。本研究另以實地現場量測數據與 CFD 模擬結果比對以驗證微氣候環境預測準確性，探討不同廊道設計配合季節氣象條件，運用數值模擬與多元迴歸分析以發展預測廊道設計策略對都市街廓改善微氣候環境通風透氣
和降低污染物擴散的影響之量化關係。

The development of high-density urban street canyons toward dense high-rise buildings causes the decline of ventilation rate and pollutant accumulation resulting from the breezeless state in the downtown area. Lately, the corridor concept has been extensively proposed during the layout, design and construction processes of city buildings. Corridors are arranged to align with the prevailing wind for bringing the wind into cities, and therefore to disperse the outdoor air pollution and promote the indoor air circulation. This study implements the environmental CFD based analysis
procedures to construct a three-dimensional computational model for replicating the
high-density urban buildings with corridors. By varying the effects of configurations of corridor, shape of buildings, and the distance between two neighboring streets, the iii fluid fields and air pollution dispersal were thoroughly investigated to evaluate the
microclimate environments around the subject building with corridors. Besides, field
measurements were conducted to provide the database for model validation. We then
apply the verified CFD tool to predict the detailed airflow characteristics of urban
environment as well as perform multivariable regression analysis for determining the
correlation of the corridor design parameters with the air exchange rate per hour (ACH)
for ventilation and the lessening of pollutant levels in environs.

摘 要 ................................ i
ABSTRACT ........................... ii
誌謝 ................................... iv
目錄 ................................. v
圖目錄 ...................... vii
表目錄 ........................... viii
第一章 緒論 .............................. 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 ...................... 1
1.2 文獻回顧 .................................... 3
1.2.1 都市街廓空氣污染之相關研究 ...................... 3
1.2.2 廊道設計對減緩空氣污染之發展 ................... 5
1.2.3 CFD 在建築風場的運用 ...................... 7
1.3 研究目的 ........................ 7
1.4 研究方法 .......................... 8
第二章 實地量測與實驗方法 ......................... 10
2.1 實驗案例 .................................... 10
2.2 實驗設備 ............. 11
2.3 現場量測 .................. 12
第三章 理論分析 .................. 14
3.1 基本假設與統御方程式 ................... 14
3.1.1 統御方程式 .................. 14
3.1.2 Realizable k-ε 紊流模式 ............ 15
3.2 物種傳遞模型(Species Transport Model) ............ 15
3.3 大氣邊界層理論 ..................... 16
3.3.1 大氣邊界層之風速剖面 .................... 23
3.4 邊界條件 ....................... 24
3.5 數值方法 ......................... 27
第四章 結果與討論 ........................ 31
4.1 網格獨立性測試 ............. 31
4.2 實測與數值分析驗證 ............ 34
4.3 廊道設計因子 ..................... 35
4.4 數值模擬結果分析 ................. 36
4.4.1 速度場分析 ..................... 36
4.4.2 濃度場分析 ................ 37
4.5 微氣候環境評估 ............ 39
4.5.1 換氣量評估 ................ 39
4.5.2 污染環境評估 ................... 40
第五章 結論 ..................... 41
參考文獻 .................... 42

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