臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

空調系統用於濕度較高的地區，往往因為盤管溫度低於環境露點溫度使水蒸氣冷凝成液態冷凝水而將能源浪費在潛熱處理，降低實質上溫度降低的能力，本實驗利用薄膜對水的水選擇性，將濕空氣乾濕分離，測試薄膜性能，並設計除濕流道，給予驅動力，並探討其驅動力與壓縮機輸入功處理冷凝水部分，是否值得大量發展，或用以不同種類空調設備是否值得以薄膜乾濕分離技術來取代傳統冷凝水之耗能。薄膜除濕滲透分離方式至今為止大量使用於燃料電池增濕器，本團隊將利用增濕器相關特性反向使用，將高溫且窄小的流道質傳空間，降低溫度且放大成可以符合空調所需風量的型式做等溫除濕，本篇論文將使用燃料電池最多的Nafion膜以及自製聚丙烯腈基材層上做質改塗佈甲殼素高分子混和氯化鋰複合膜探討於空調條件使用下，以靜態型式(無二次動力風扇)做水氣除濕量探討，本篇提出四種種溫溼度條件以及三種下游側壓力值在兩種薄膜佈滿板0.25 m² 情形下，做能效分析，結論為在一大氣壓與低溫空調環境條件時，薄膜除濕性能表現並不佳，但若使用於高壓高溫水蒸氣分壓較大時，可有較可觀的能耗表現。

Membrane Dehumidification

The thermal sensation is an indicator of the person's feelings about the environment, which is about a large of part of relative humidity. Not only for human beings, though for animals but also electric equipment will not be able to perform a better efficiency. We can dehumidify in many ways like cooling the air below dew point or absorption and adsorption. In those sayings, we use the same theory from it, made the object surface pressure gradient lower than the water vapor pressure, so the pressure gradient will drive the mass transfer to the surface. In the study we will optimize the best moisture transfer and the vacuum degree with fuel cells humidifier membrane (Nafion) and chitosan with LiCl coating on PAN. In this study proposes four kinds of conditions and three kinds of downstream side pressure degree in 0.25 m² membrane area to calculate the dehumidity efficience.

摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
致謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 文獻回顧 2
1.3 研究背景與目的 5
第二章　基礎理論與薄膜除濕技術 6
2.1 薄膜除濕技術 6
2.1.1 薄膜介紹 6
2.1.2 薄膜除濕 6
2.1.3 薄膜種類 6
2.1.4 有機高分子聚合物膜 7
2.1.5 無機膜 8
2.1.6 薄膜除濕原理 8
2.1.7 薄膜材料選用 9
2.1.8 測試規範CNS13788 12
2.2 室內空氣品質 17
2.3 流道設計 20
2.3.1 慕迪圖 21
2.3.2 摩擦係數 22
2.4 結論 24
第三章　實驗方法與步驟 25
3.1 實驗設備 25
3.1.1 各項基材板 25
3.1.2 薄膜用材料與藥品 28
3.1.3 製膜儀器 32
3.1.4 製膜方式-濕式相轉法 36
3.2 薄膜性能檢測設備 39
3.2.1 小型薄膜檢測設備 39
3.2.2 多板膜板式流道實驗 43
第四章　結果與討論 46
4.1 薄膜材料通透率測試系統架構 46
4.1.1 水氣通透率 46
4.1.2 空氣通透率 48
4.2 自製膜成膜狀態與微結構分析 50
4.2.1 各種薄膜成膜狀態 50
4.2.2 複合膜聚丙烯腈與甲殼素氯化鋰 52
4.2.3 複合膜聚砜與聚乙烯醇氯化鋰 54
4.2.4 聚砜均質膜、商用膜及金屬有機骨架成膜狀態 56
4.2.5 研究與分析 61
4.3 流道板薄膜性能試驗 63
4.3.1 模具氣密測試 63
4.3.2 自製膜與商用膜滿板測試 65
4.4 空調條件除濕量探討 69
4.4.1 現場空調趨勢圖 69
4.4.2 流道板應用於空調機 71
4.4.3 能效計算 76
第五章 結論與建議 84
5.1 結論 84
5.2 未來建議 85
參考文獻 86

[1] Y. Shang, J. Wang, Y. Bi, Y. Jian, Y. Pei, W. Yuan and B. Yang, "Air dehumidification by membrane with cold water for manned spacecraft environmental control," 2017 International Conference on Mechanical, Material and Aerospace Engineering, MATEC Web of Conferences Vol.114, Article no.02011, 2017.
[2] F. Pan, H. Jia, Z. Jiang, and X. Zheng, "Enhanced dehumidification performance of PVA membranes by tuning the water state through incorporating organophosphorus acid, " Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 325, Issue 2, 2008, pp. 727-734.
[3] S. Bergero, A. Chiari, "Experimental and theoretical analysis of air humidification/dehumidification processes using hydrophobic capillary contactors, " Applied Thermal Engineering Vol. 21, Issue 11, 2001, pp. 1119-1135.
[4] S.M. Huang, F. G.F. Qin, M.Yang, X. Yang, and W.F. Zhong, "Heat and mass transfer deteriorations in an elliptical hollow fiber membrane tube bank for liquid desiccant air dehumidification," Applied Thermal Engineering, Volume 57, Issues 1–2, 2013, pp. 90-98.
[5] K. Kneifel, S. Nowak, W. Albrecht, R.Hilke, R. Just, and K.V. Peinemann, "Hollow fiber membrane contactor for air humidity control: Modules and membranes, " Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 276, Issues 1–2, 2006, pp. 241-251.
[6] B. Zhao, N.Peng, C, Liang, W. F. Yong, and T. S. Chung,"Hollow Fiber Membrane Dehumidification Device for Air Conditioning System",Membranes (Basel), Vol.5, Issue 4, 2015, pp. 722–738.
[7] G. P. Li, L. Z. Zhang, "Investigation of a solar energy driven and hollow fiber membrane-based humidification–dehumidification desalination system," Applied Energy, Vol. 177, 2016, pp. 393-408.
[8] K. H. Kim, P. G. Ingole, and H. K. Lee, "Membrane dehumidification process using defect-free hollow fiber membrane," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 42, Issue 38, 2017, pp. 24205-24212.

[9] B.Yang, W. Yuan,Y. Shang, J. Wang, and B.Wei,"Numerical and experimental study of a novel three-fluid membrane dehumidification method applied to spacecraft humidity control," Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 530, 2017, pp. 112-124.
[10] P. G. Ingole, W. K. Choi, G.B. Lee, and H. K. Le," Thin-film-composite hollow-fiber membranes for water vapor separation." Desalination, Vol. 403, 2017, pp. 12-23.
[11] T.D.Bui, Y.Wong, and M.R.IslamK.J.Chua,"On the theoretical and experimental energy efficiency analyses of a vacuum based dehumidification membrane," Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 539, 2017, pp. 76-87.
[12]S.J.Metz, W.J.C.van de Ven, J.Potreck, M.H.V.Mulder, and M.Wessling," Transport of water vapor and inert gas mixtures through highly selective and highly permeable polymer membranes, " Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 251, Issues 1–2, 2005, pp.29-41.
[13] F. Wang,T. Chen, and J. Xu,"Synthesis of poly(ether ether ketone) containing sodium sulfonate groups as gas dehumidification membrane material," Macromolecular Rapid Communications,Vol.19, Issue2, February 1998, pp. 135-137.
[14]T. D. Bui, F. Chen, A. Nida, K. J. Chua, and C. N. Kim, "Experimental and modeling analysis of membrane-based air dehumidification," Separation and Purification Technology,Vol. 144, 2015, pp. 114-122.
[15]D. T.Bui, M.K. Ja, J. M.Gordon, C.N. Kim, and K. J.Chua," A thermodynamic perspective to study energy performance of vacuum-based membrane dehumidification," Energy, Vol. 132, 2017, pp. 106-115.
[16]K.Zaw, M. R. Safizadeh, J.Luther, and C. N. Kim," Analysis of a membrane based air-dehumidification unit for air conditioning in tropical climates," Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 59, Issues 1–2, 2013, pp. 370-379.
[17]Y. K.Ong, G. M.Shi, N. L.Le, Y. P.Tang, J. Zuo, S.P.Nunes, and T.S. Chung," Recent membrane development for pervaporation processes," Progress in Polymer Science, Vol. 57, 2016, pp. 1-31.
[18] M.E.Dmitrenko, A.V.Penkova, A.I.Kuzminova, M.Morshed, M.I.Larionov, H.AlemcA.A.Zolotarev, S.S.Ermakov, and D.Roizard," Investigation of new modification strategies for PVA membranes to improve their dehydration properties by pervaporation," Applied Surface Science,Vol. 450, 2018, pp. 527-537.
[19] X.Cheng, F.Pan, M.Wang, W.Li, Y.Song, G.Liu, H.Yang, B.Gao, H.Wu, and Z.Jiang," Hybrid membranes for pervaporation separations," Journal of Membrane Science,Vol. 541, 2017, pp. 329-346.
[20]B.Bolto, M. Hoang, and Z.Xie, "A review of membrane selection for the dehydration of aqueous ethanol by pervaporation, "Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, Vol. 50, Issue 3, 2011, pp. 227-235.
[21]Q.Wang, N.Li, B.Bolto, M.Hoang. and Z.Xie," Desalination by pervaporation: A review," Desalination,Vol. 387, 2016, pp. 46-60.
[22] Z.Dong, G.Liu, S.Liu, Z.Liu, and W. Jin," High performance ceramic hollow fiber supported PDMS composite pervaporation membrane forbio-butanol recovery ," Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 450, 2014, pp. 38-47.
[23] H.X.Liu, N.Wang, C.Zhao, S.Ji, and J.R.Li," Membrane materials in the pervaporation separation of aromatic/ aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures - A review," Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 26, Issue 1, 2018, pp. 1-16.
[24] Z.Jia, G.Wu," Metal-organic frameworks based mixed matrix membranes for pervaporation," Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, Vol. 235, 2016, pp. 151-159.
[25] R. W.Baker, J.G.Wijmans, and Y.Huang," Permeability, permeance and selectivity: A preferred way of reporting pervaporation performance data," Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 348, Issues 1–2, 2010, pp. 346-352.
[26] 詹享儒，"除濕薄膜應用於分離式空調之薄膜性能檢測"，2018
[27] 中華民國國家標準 CNS 13788 塑膠薄膜及薄片透濕度試驗法(儀器法)
[28] 行政院環境保護署/室內空氣品質資訊網/相關法規與資料下載/室內空氣品質標準，2018/03/10， https://iaq.epa.gov.tw/indoorair/page/News_12_1.aspx
[29] 換氣教室/樂奇電器 ， 2019/05/14 ，http://www.daguantech.com.tw/GoWeb/include/index.php?Page=5-5-3&Cate04=%E6%A8%82%E5%A5%87%E9%9B%BB%E5%99%A8
[30] B. Johnson, "Membrane Based Air Conditioning 2017 Building Technologies Office Peer Review, " Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, U.S. DEPARTMENY OF ENERGY, Dais Analytic Corporation
[31] 達西-威斯巴哈方程式 ， 2019/05/17 ，
https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E9%81%94%E8%A5%BF%E2%80%93%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F
[32] Moody Diagram-File Exchange Matlab Central , 2018/12/07
https://tw.images.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search;_ylt=AwrtSDHuO9lca3gAxw6X2At.;_ylu=X3oDMTE0NW40bDQwBGNvbG8DdHcxBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDQjcxNTBfMQRzZWMDcGl2cw--?p=moody+chart&type=gsp_imdownloadern_00_00_ssg10&hspart=dcola&hsimp=yhs-009¶m1=1¶m2=cat%3Dweb%26sesid%3D4e77e9c0b24ca7ac4abeac312c6dc0c6%26ip%3D140.124.45.121%26b%3DChrome%26bv%3D74.0.3729.131%26os%3DWindows-10%26os_ver%3D10.0%26pa%3Dgencoll09%26sid%3D4b588997891afb9b9bb98ad94746d21d%26abid%3D%26abg%3D%26a%3Dgsp_imdownloadern_00_00_ssg10%26sdk_ver%3D%26cd%3D%26cr%3D%26f%3D%26uref%3D&ei=UTF-8&fr=yhs-dcola-009#id=7&iurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathworks.com%2Fmatlabcentral%2Fmlc-downloads%2Fdownloads%2Fsubmissions%2F7747%2Fversions%2F1%2Fscreenshot.png&action=click
[33]雷諾數，2019/05/17，
https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E9%9B%B7%E8%AF%BA%E6%95%B0
[34] 張祐瑄，"平板式增濕器之薄膜物理性質及熱質傳實驗研究"，2018
[35] 美國材料與試驗協會測試規範ASTM-E96(Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials Water Vapor Transmission)
[36] 國際標準化組織規範 ISO-15105
[37]日立冷氣型錄http://www.taiwan-hitachi.com.tw/uploads/download_catalog/132_2.pdf
[38] Edwarsds Nxds Scroll Pump data sheet
https://www.edwardsvacuum.com/content/dam/brands/edwards-vacuum/edwards-website-assets/high-vacuum/documents/Edwards-nXDS-Product-Manual-A735-01-880-en.pdf

[39]eCourses Internal Energy, Enthalpy, and Specific Heats of Ideal Gas
https://www.ecourses.ou.edu/cgi-bin/ebook.cgi?doc=&topic=th&chap_sec=03.4&page=theory

[40]壓縮機的性能和應用
https://zh-cn.acrlatinoamerica.com/201205094761/articulos/refrigeracion-comercial-e-industrial/rendimiento-y-aplicaciones-de-los-compresores.html?fb_comment_id=10150854691579571_29601478%3ffb_comment_id=10150854691579571_29601478