臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究提出二氧化碳溶液封存，以注儲溶於地層水的二氧化碳溶液於鹽水層為目標，使二氧化碳溶液相直接以溶解封存機制封存，並直接導致離子封存與礦化封存，使封存達到無洩漏風險的目的。
為了考量封存的安全性，本研究使用CMG-GEM多成分模擬器來觀察溶液相的二氧化碳進入地層中的移動行為，以及模擬二氧化碳在注儲期間與觀察期間的封存機制。
本研究的案例分析位於台灣西北Y礦區，利用Y礦區之砂岩區段Y進行二氧化碳溶液封存之數值模擬，以下方間隔超過1,000公尺深的砂岩K生產地熱水來解決溶解二氧化碳的水需求，透過在地表的能量轉換將高溫的地熱流體產出地熱能源，降溫後的地熱流體用於溶解二氧化碳，形成注入溶液，回注於較淺層的目標封存砂段Y。
模擬結果顯示二氧化碳溶解封存無洩漏風險，並大幅減少二氧化碳進入礦化封存機制所需的時間，加快固化二氧化碳於地層當中的速度，進入永久且安全性高的封存機制。

The purpose of this study is to create a pilot CO2　geological storage without leakage risk in a saline aquifer, directly leads to CO2 ionization and mineralization with the formation water and rocks. As soon as it was injected by means of dissolving the CO2 into groundwater produced from deep saline aquifer, aiming at finding a storage avenue which is long-lasting, stable and environmentally benign in relatively short time comparing with traditional CO2 supercritical fluid injection.
This study presented a pilot test in northwestern Taiwan, the potential CO2 storage formation is the Y-sandstone formation, which is located in Y-field, one of the onshore gas fields in the Taishi Basin. Over 1,000 m underneath the Y-sandstone, the K-sandstone has high water saturation and suitable geological condition to produce formation water to supply the water needs for dissolved CO2 storage after energy use.
CMG-GEM compositional simulator was used in this study to simulate the long-term fate of CO2, the results showed that dissolved CO2 injection remove the buoyancy effect to the storage process, preventing the leakage risk. In this study, the migration and the fate of the injected dissolved CO2 was studied, the CO2 trapping mechanisms and long-term fate of CO2 was analyzed to make sure the enhanced safety.
A novel strategy was presented to offer a CO2 geological storage without leakage risk in a saline aquifer. Security was ensured in this study, compared with traditional injection method, the geochemical reactions process was fastened, consequently accelerating the mineralization speed, hence CO2 was fixed in the reservoir by the safest trapping mechanisms in shorter time.

Abstract I
中文摘要 II
致謝 III
Contents IV
List of Tables VI
List of Figures VII
Nomenclature X
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1-1 Background 1
1-2 Motivation 3
1-3 Purpose 4
Chapter 2 Literature review 5
Chapter 3 Methodologies 9
3-1 CO2 solubility mechanisms 9
3-2 Numerical simulation 11
3-2-1 Numerical method 12
3-2-2 Reaction stoichiometry 15
3-3 Geochemical reaction mechanisms 18
3-4 Energy conversion: geothermal fluid production 21
Chapter 4 Regional geology 23
4-1 Geological description 23
4-2 Data collections 26
Chapter 5 Simulation model construction 31
5-1 Numerical simulation model design 31
5-2 Base case design 35
Chapter 6 Results 38
6-1 Injection of dissolved CO2 (base case) 38
6-1-1 Injection performance of base case 38
6-1-2 Spatial distribution of base case 43
6-1-3 Trapping mechanisms’ contributions for base case 52
6-2 Injection of supercritical CO2 56
6-2-1 Injection performance of supercritical CO2 56
6-2-2 Spatial distribution of supercritical CO2 60
6-2-3 Trapping mechanisms’ contributions for supercritical CO2 69
6-3 Summary of base case and supercritical injection case 71
Chapter 7 Discussion 75
7-1 CO2/brine dissolution mechanism 75
7-1-1 CO2 solubility curve in brine containing ions 75
7-1-2 CO2/brine co-injected mixing 76
7-1-3 CO2/ brine surface dissolution 78
7-2 Sensitivity analysis 80
7-2-1 Well locations 80
7-3 Geothermal fluid production and energy conversion 83
Chapter 8 Conclusions and suggestion 86
8-1 Conclusions 86
8-2 Suggestion 86
References 87
Appendix A: Wellhead production temperature derivative 90

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