臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
電影姊妹（2011）的原文帶有非裔美國人英語的句法特色，然而，中文字幕翻譯卻未顯示此句法變化。可能是譯者在兩難間，選擇維持電影字幕的流暢性與易讀性，因而未呈現電影原文中句法上的差異。但由於姊妹（2011）這部電影的主題與種族歧視相關，非裔美國人英語的句法特色在電影中可能扮演著極重要的角色，因此我認為在中文翻譯中達到對等語言效果的可能性是值得探討的。
根據張妤菁（民96）的研究，英文與中文間存在基本的句法差異，因此非裔美國人英語的句法特色在中文翻譯中未被突顯的可能性極高。然而，詳究曾心怡（民92）對當代台灣國語句法結構的研究後，發現台灣國語的某些句法可以對應非裔美國人英語的句法，作為突顯非裔美國人英語句法特色的中文對應詞。
本案例研究著重於電影姊妹（2011）原文中的非裔美國人英語句法特色、中文翻譯字幕的易讀性以及中文字幕中的對等效果。藉由應用曾心怡（民92）研究的台灣國語句法特色，本研究試圖重新翻譯字幕突顯電影姊妹（2011）中的非裔美語，希冀讓觀看中文電影字幕的觀眾注意到電影原文確實存在句法上的差異。

Abstract
The English subtitles of The Help (2011) feature syntactic characteristics of African-American Vernacular English; however, the Chinese translation sacrifices this syntactic variation. Translators might have difficulty in rendering this syntactic difference into Chinese when taking fluency and readability into consideration; nevertheless, owing to the theme of The Help is related to racism, the linguistic distinctions are essential in the movie, and thus it is worthwhile to explore the possibility of achieving an equivalent linguistic effect in the Chinese translation.
According to Chang (2007), due to fundamental syntactic disparities between English and Chinese, some syntactic characteristics of African-American Vernacular English are of high percentage to be translated into Chinese without being highlighted. Nonetheless, as Tseng’s (2003) exploration into syntactic features of Taiwanese Mandarin suggested, it could be seen that certain syntactic characteristics of Taiwanese Mandarin can correspond to those of African-American Vernacular English. Thus, such syntactic chracteristecs in Taiwanese Mandarin could serve as Chinese equivalents to the English ones.
Therefore, taking the syntactic characteristics of African-American Vernacular English, the readability of translated subtitles, and the linguistic equivalent effects into account, this case study on The Help (2011) applied syntactic characteristics of Taiwanese Mandarin proposed by Tseng (2003) as the highlighter for those of African-American Vernacular English. With this new trial to underline the characteristics of African-American Vernacular English, this study attempts to bring the Chinese audience to notice that certain syntactic differences do exist when they are watching the movie with the retranslated Chinese subtitles.

Table of Contents
摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
Table of Contents v
List of Tables vii
List of Figures viii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Research Background 1
1.2 Research Motivation 3
1.3 Research Purpose 5
1.4 Research Questions 5
1.5 Research Value 6
1.6 Thesis Outline 6
Chapter 2 Literature Review 8
2.1 African-American Vernacular English 9
2.1.1 Development of African-American Vernacular English 9
2.1.2 Characteristics of African-American Vernacular English and Its Chinese Translation 10
2.1.3 Syntactic Characteristics of African-American Vernacular English and Its Chinese Translation 14
2.2 Taiwanese Mandarin 18
2.2.1 Development of Taiwanese Mandarin 18
2.2.2 Syntactic Characteristics of Taiwanese Mandarin 21
2.2.3 Application of Taiwanese Mandarin in Subtitles 27
2.3 Translation Theory of Nida’s Formal Equivalence and Dynamic Equivalence 29
Chapter 3 Methodology 33
3.1 Research Material 33
3.2 Data Collection Procedure 35
3.3 Data Analysis and Application Procedure 40
3.3.1 Analysis of Syntactic Characteristics of African-American Vernacular English and Corresponding Chinese Translations of The Help (2011) 41
3.3.2 Application of Syntactic Characteristics of Taiwanese Mandarin to Chinese Retranslations of The Help (2011) 46
Chapter 4 Findings and Results 52
4.1 Results of Syntactic Characteristics of African-American Vernacular English in The Help (2011) 52
4.1.1 Classifications of Syntactic Characteristics of African-American Vernacular English 52
4.1.2 Frequencies and Percentages of Syntactic Characteristics of African-American Vernacular English 54
4.1.3 Summary of Analysis on Syntactic Characteristics of African-American Vernacular English 67
4.2 Results of Chinese Translations of Syntactic Characteristics of African-American Vernacular English in The Help (2011) 68
4.2.1 Negation 68
4.2.2 Omission of Inflected Forms 78
4.2.3 Wh-Question Without Be Verb or Auxiliary Verb 81
4.2.4 African-American Vernacular English in Simple Present Tense 84
4.2.5 Future Events Indicator Gonna 89
4.2.6 African-American Vernacular English in Present Perfect Tense or Past Perfect Tense 91
4.2.7 African-American Vernacular English in Present Progressive Tense 94
4.2.8 Summary of Analysis on Chinese Translations of Syntactic Characteristics of African-American Vernacular English 95
4.3 Chinese Retranslations with Syntactic Characteristics of Taiwanese Mandarin 97
4.3.1 Chinese Retranslations with Syntactic Characteristics of Taiwanese Mandarin as Equivalents for African-American Vernacular English 99
4.3.2 Chinese Retranslations with Other Syntactic Characteristics of Taiwanese Mandarin 107
4.3.3 Summary of Chinese Retranslations with Syntactic Characteristics of Taiwanese Mandarin 115
Chapter 5 Conclusions and Discussion 117
5.1 Summary of Research Findings 117
5.2 Applications 118
5.3 Limitations 119
5.4 Recommendations for Future Research 120
References 122
Appendix A English-Chinese Parallel Subtitles of The Help (2011) 126
Appendix B Retranslaiton of Aibileen’s Subtitles Featuring Syntactic Characteristic of African-American Vernacular English 237

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