臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文探討不同冷媒環境對潤滑劑scuffing load的影響，另一方面評估壓縮機材料(FC25鑄鐵)經表面改質(包括氮化處理、TiC鍍層、MoS2塗層)後，在冷媒環境下的耐磨耗能力。此外，針對實體渦卷壓縮機損壞的零組件，分析渦卷壓縮機失效的原因。

試驗結果顯示在不同環境及磨耗條件評估潤滑劑知性能，以PAG潤滑劑有最佳的磨潤性能，並且PAG潤滑劑在CO2冷媒環境下，試片表面會生成碳酸鹽化合層，使其耐磨耗能力提升；而自然環境下的POE1及POE2潤滑劑承載能力相同；但在R410a冷媒環境，POE2潤滑劑的承載能力略優於POE1潤滑劑；然而，在CO2冷媒環境，POE1潤滑劑的承載能力卻優於POE2潤滑劑。此外，磨耗試驗結果顯示通常在冷媒環境下的平均承載能力會較佳於自然環境。但是，POE1潤滑劑在R410a冷媒環境的潤滑效果較自然環境差，因為POE1潤滑劑與R410a冷媒有較佳的相溶性，會使黏度及承載能力降低。

針對不同表面改質試片的磨耗試驗，以氮化處理及MOS2塗層試片有最佳的耐磨耗能力；TiC鍍層試片因承載能力以及與基材的冶金鍵結較差，所以耐磨耗能力較FC25鑄鐵差。

此外，針對損壞的渦卷壓縮機組件進行破壞分析，當過負載或潤滑不良時，位於動渦卷的硬質顆粒會嚴重刮傷止推軸承的表面，並藉由渦卷的繞動行為在止推軸承表面形成許多的圓形刮痕，可以確定是因為兩組件(動渦卷及止推軸承)的材料顯微組織不同及接觸面積的差異所致。。而動渦卷的磨耗表面上的麻點(pitting)特徵，為疲勞裂縫成長所致，其裂縫大部分從石墨的邊緣開始產生。

In this thesis, not only the effects of the refrigerants on the lubricant performance were evaluated by the test machine but the effects of surface modifications – nitriding treatment, MoS2 spraying and TiC coating—on wear resistance were estimated. Besides, scroll compressors’ broken components were observed, and reasons that led to compressor’s failure were analyzed.

The experimental results showed that when evaluating performance of different lubricants under various conditions and parameters, PAG lubricant had the best wear performance. When PAG lubricant was in CO2 refrigerant environment, the carbonate compound layer would be produced on east iron’s surface, and its wear resistance would be increased.

Another finding was that POE1 and POE2 lubricants showed the same scuffing loading in natural environment. However, when they were exposed to a R410a refrigerant environment, the scuffing loading of POE2 lubricant was better than that of POE1; when they were exposed to a CO2 refrigerant environment, the result would be opposite. Results also show that the scuffing loading in a refrigerant environment was generally better than that of natural environment. Nevertheless, when POE1 lubricant was in R410a refrigerant environment, its effect of lubricant would be worse than in natural environment since it has higher solubility with R410a refrigerant which would decrease the viscosity and scuffing load of POE1 lubricant.

The results showed that in the surface modification test, nitrogen-treating cast iron and MoS2 spraying had the best wear resistance, while TiC coating’s wear resistance was worse than that of FC25, for its worse metallurgy binding and scuffing loading.

In addition, the result indicated scroll type compressors’ broken components resulted from two components’—orbiting scroll as well as thrust bearing—different microstructure and contact areas. If a wear test is over loading or in a boundary-lubricating condition, the hard particles on orbiting scroll would firmly scratch the surface of the thrust bearing and form many circular marks because of the dynamic acts of scroll compressor. Also, the pitting on the orbiting scroll’s surface is due to fatigue crack growths which are mostly produced around the rim of graphite.

摘 要 I
Abstract III
誌 謝 IV
目 錄 V
表索引 IX
圖索引 X
第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 渦卷壓縮機的歷史 3
2.2 渦卷壓縮機之設計優勢 5
2.3 渦卷壓縮機之工作原理 6
2.4 使用於渦卷壓縮機的冷媒 11
2.4.1致冷冷媒的物理特性研究及對磨潤行為的影響 14
2.5 使用於渦卷壓縮機之潤滑劑 16
2.5.1 工作溫度對潤滑劑的黏度影響 16
2.5.2工作壓力對潤滑劑的黏度影響 17
2.5.3 PAG與POE潤滑劑之特性比較 18
2.5.4 冷媒環境下潤滑劑的磨潤行為 22
2.6表面改質方法 24
2.7 表面改質之鍍膜材料與磨潤行為 28
2.7.1 表面改質之不同鍍膜的磨潤行為 30
2.8 摩擦、磨耗與潤滑機構 31
2.9 潤滑模式分類【61，63】 35
第三章 實驗方法與步驟 37
3.1 磨耗試片規格 39
3.2試驗冷媒及潤滑劑 43
3.3 磨耗試驗的條件 44
3.3.1 磨耗試驗的參數條件 44
3.3.2表面改質試片之磨耗量及摩擦力量測與計算 46
3.4 實驗步驟 47
3.4.1 磨耗試驗前的準備工作 47
3.4.2 磨耗試驗的程序 47
3.5 磨耗試驗機及分析儀器介紹 50
3.5.1磨耗試驗機 50
3.5.2 分析儀器設備 54
第四章 結果與討論 56
4.1 相關的物理性質分析 56
4.1.1 表面改質試片之硬度檢測 56
4.1.2表面改質試片之鍍層厚度量測及觀察 56
4.1.3 表面改質試片之表面粗糙度量測 59
4.1.4 表面改質試片之鍍層成分分布及成分分析 61
4.2 不同潤滑劑在不同操作環境下的磨潤性能評估 67
4.2.1操作環境對潤滑劑磨潤性能的影響 67
4.2.1.1自然環境下潤滑劑之磨潤性能評估 68
4.2.1.2 R410a冷媒環境下潤滑劑之磨潤性能評估 76
4.2.1.3 CO2冷媒環境下潤滑劑之磨潤性能評估 84
4.2.2 不同潤滑劑的磨潤性能評估 94
4.2.2.1 PAG潤滑劑的磨潤性能評估 94
4.2.2.2 POE1(RL 32H)潤滑劑的磨潤性能評估 95
4.2.2.3 POE2(NYCOLUBE 7030)潤滑劑的磨潤性能評估 97
4.2.3經scuffing測試後的試片表面形貌 98
4.3不同表面改質試片的磨耗行為分析 101
4.3.1 未改質處理的FC25鑄鐵的耐磨耗能力評估 102
4.3.2 FC25鑄鐵-TiC鍍層的耐磨耗能力評估 106
4.3.3 FC25鑄鐵經氮化處理的耐磨耗能力評估 110
4.3.4 FC25鑄鐵-MoS2塗層的耐磨耗能力評估 114
4.3.5不同表面改質試片的磨耗表面形貌比較 117
4.4 實體渦卷壓縮機之失效模式分析 119
第五章 結論與建議 124
5.1 結論 124
5.2 建議 127
參考文獻 128

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