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Many of Taiwan’s historic buildings and blocks have slowly developed and become new landmarks. After an interview with a gourmet show or a tourist program,a large number of people come to visit these blocks during holidays. The original narrow streets become new gathering points because of the gathering business. We should understand what the current risk factors are, and put forward the solution to solve these risk factors. Avoiding risk factors cause harm to tourists’ personal safety when a fire rescue case or an emergency medical service is occurred. This study will be able to identify multiple risk factors that threaten the Hukou Township historic buildings and blocks by reviewing and analyzing the fire cases located at historical buildings and blocks. This study adopted literature review methods,case analysis methods, expert interview methods, questionnaire survey methods, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and other research methods to find out risk factors and develop the solving solution, and be provided as a reference for fire rescue authorities or relevant units to make the fire rescue, emergency medical service and personnel evacuation strategies. With a view to make a fast and correct response to the disasters, and increase the probability of evacuation effectively both for residents and tourists. The hierarchical structure of improvement plan of risk factors in the Hukou historic buildings and blocks was developed in this study, and contains 5 goals, 13 criteria, and 3 candidate improvement plans. The questionnaire survey was conducted of six fire brigades and summarized the weights of the basic goals and candidate plans through analytic hierarchical analysis. According to the statistics, we know the order of goals, which are funds (weight value:0.48 ), executive manpower (weight value:0.24 ),iii execution time (weight value:0.13 ), efficiency achievement (weight value:0.08 ), and advanced concept of disaster prevention (weight value:0.05 ), and the order of improvement plans, which are conducting regular fire drills and inspections by fire departments (integration weights:0.57), installing residential fire detectors in households located on historical streets (Integrated Weights:0.28), and promoting education and training for self-government committees in the business district (general weight:0.13) In conclusion, the best improvement plan of risk factors in the Hukou historic buildings and blocks is conducting regular fire drills and inspections by fire departments.
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