臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

根據認知病理模式，解釋偏誤 (interpretative bias) 是發展與維持社交焦慮症狀的重要認知因子之一。本研究的主要目的為，探討高社交焦慮者對社交威脅性混合臉部表情之解釋偏誤現象，並於實驗中加入焦慮誘發作業，以釐清高社交焦慮者的情境焦慮狀態是否會影響解釋偏誤的效果。本研究的參與者包含臨床的社交焦慮症患者有10人、非臨床的高社交焦慮者有47人、以及低社交焦慮者則有46人，其中僅有非臨床組參與者在實驗作業進行之前會接受情緒操弄。實驗作業的刺激材料為混合兩種情緒的表情圖片，並以厭惡表情當作實驗中的目標威脅刺激；參與者的主要任務則是針對每張混合表情圖片作出情緒種類判斷及可接近性評估。本研究結果顯示，高社交焦慮者比較可能將混合臉部表情判斷為具社交威脅意義的厭惡表情，並且評定較低的可接近性程度。然而，未能發現情緒操弄對高社交焦慮者的解釋偏誤有造成顯著的影響。此外，本研究還有幾項額外的發現，包括：高社交焦慮者可能也會低估混合臉部表情的正向性、只有當高社交焦慮者身處於社交互動情境中，並以個人角度解讀社交訊息時才可能出現解釋偏誤。再者，本研究還發現，社交焦慮與憂鬱情緒可能也同時影響高社交焦慮者的解釋偏誤傾向。本研究的主要貢獻為，證實高社交焦慮者對社交威脅性混合表情具負向解釋偏誤。根據研究結果，本研究建議，在臨床實務的應用上可使用認知治療、電腦化認知訓練或其他治療技巧矯正高社交焦慮者的解釋偏誤，以達到改善社交焦慮症狀的效果。

According to the cognitive psychopathology models, interpretative bias is one of the most important cognitive factors that develop and maintain the symptoms of social anxiety. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the interpretative bias for social threat morphed facial expressions in high social anxious individuals. In addition, the present study accessed the anxiety-provoking task in the experiment, to find out the effect of state anxiety on the interpretative bias of high social anxious individuals. In this study, there were three groups of participants, including clinical social anxiety disorder patients (n = 10) ,non-clinical high (n = 47) and low (n = 46) social anxious individuals, but only non-clinical participants received the mood manipulation before the experimental task. Stimuli in this experimental task were used photographs of morphed two emotional facial expressions, and disgust expression was used as target threat stimulus. All participants were asked primality to judge the emotion type and rate approachability for each morphed facial expression. The results showed that high social anxious individuals were more probably to judge the morphed facial expressions as disgust expression that had the meaning of social threat, and rated lower level of approachability. However, there was no finding that the interpretative bias of high social anxious individuals would be affected significantly by mood manipulation. Moreover, the present study showed some additional findings, including that: high social anxious individuals might underestimate the positive of morphed facial expressions, and the interpretative bias might appear only when high social anxious individuals were in social interaction situation and interpreted the social information by personal viewpoint. And social anxiety and depression might also have co-effect to the interpretative bias of high social anxious individuals. The main contribution of this study had the evidence that high social anxious individuals had negative interpretative bias for the social threat morphed facial expression. Based on these findings, the present study suggested that workers in clinical practice may use cognitive therapy, computerized cognitive training and other therapeutic skills to modify the interpretive bias of high social anxious individuals, and then achieve the improvement of social anxiety symptoms.

第一章 緒論........................... 1
第一節 社交焦慮的定義與臨床特徵.... ........1
第二節 社交焦慮的病理模式......... ........5
第三節 社交焦慮的解釋偏誤......... ........11
第四節 實驗作業的考量............ ........17
第五節 研究目的與假設.................... 21

第二章 研究方法........................ 23
第一節 研究參與者....................... 23
第二節 研究程序......................... 25
第三節 研究工具......................... 27
第四節 實驗作業與實驗刺激材料............. 31
第五節 情緒操弄......................... 39
第六節 資料分析......................... 41

第三章 研究結果......................... 43
第一節 參與者的人口學變項與自陳式量表得分... 43
第二節 情緒操弄檢核...................... 47
第三節 參與者在情緒判斷作業中的反應........ 53

第四章 討論............................ 69
第一節 情緒操弄之效果.................... 69
第二節 解釋偏誤現象之驗證................. 71
第三節 憂鬱對解釋偏誤的影響............... 77
第四節 研究總結、限制及展望............... 83

參考文獻................................. 87

附錄.................................... 99

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