臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

詞彙內含的情緒意義可以影響人類對於字詞的處理歷程。過去研究發現，不同詞彙
類別的字詞對於情緒效果有其調節和交互作用。但以一般人的情緒字詞處理而言，可以顯現個體差異原因之一的個人特質因素卻鮮少被納入討論。因此，本研究旨在以事件相關腦電位技術來探討個人特質中的外向性和神經質性是否會影響中文情緒詞處理。本實驗採用詞彙判斷作業並操控中文雙字詞之情緒價性(正向詞、中性詞、負向詞)和詞彙類別(狀態動詞、動作動詞、名詞)特徵。實驗結果顯示，情緒字詞影響早期的P2和晚期N400及LPC振幅特性。另外，受試者的神經質傾向在晚期的N400及LPC皆有調節作用，顯示此調節作用在不同詞彙類別字詞之情緒意含已被辨識之後才發生。與艾森克人格特質論不同的是，實驗結果似乎並無證據顯示受試者的外向性與字詞情緒價性的處理有關。另外，本實驗亦無觀察到早期的詞彙類別效果或不同詞彙類別間有不同時區情緒效果的早晚差異，推測此結果與中文母語人士存取詞彙類別的認知系統為一分散式架構有關，因而不同詞彙類別的中文情緒詞有相似的處理歷程。

Emotion connotations embedded in words have been found to impact word processing. Past studies have also showed that words in different lexical categories would modulate and
interact with emotion effects. However, personality traits, one of the variables demonstrating individual differences in emotion word processing in healthy populations, have seldom been taken into account. This study aimed to explore whether personality traits, extraversion and neuroticism in particular, influenced the processing of Chinese emotion words in a lexical decision task by manipulating both emotional (valence: positive, neutral, negative) and linguistic (lexical category: stative verbs, eventive verbs, nouns) features of Chinese two-word compounds with the event-related potential technique. The results showed that the emotion effects appeared in P2, N400, and LPC, and that the modulations of participants’ neuroticism level on emotion effects were observed in N400 and LPC, after the emotion meanings of words with different semantic complexity were already recognized. In contrast to Eysenck’s model of personality, there was no evidence of connections between
extraversion and the processing of emotion valence. Furthermore, the lack of a lexical category effect in the early time window and the same onsets of emotion effects on words across different lexical categories might reflect similar processing of the emotion contents in these categories due to the shared underlying distributional structures in Chinese speakers’ conceptual system.

摘要------------------------------------------------------ i
Abstract ------------------------------------------------ ii
Acknowledgements ---------------------------------------- iv
Table of Contents -------------------------------------- vii
List of Tables ------------------------------------------ ix
List of Figures ----------------------------------------- x
Chapter 1 Introduction ---------------------------------- 1
1.1 Research Question -------------------------------- 5
Chapter 2 Literature Review ----------------------------- 6
2.1 Emotions in Psychology --------------------------- 6
2.2 Emotions in Language ----------------------------- 9
2.2.1 Emotion Classification in Western Languages - 9
2.2.2 Emotion Classification in Chinese ----------- 14
2.2.3 Emotion Word Processing --------------------- 16
2.2.4 Trait Differences and Emotion Word Processing
--------------------------------------------------- 24
Chapter 3 Methodology ----------------------------------- 29
3.1 Subjects ----------------------------------------- 29
3.2 Material ----------------------------------------- 30
3.3 Procedure ---------------------------------------- 35
3.4 Data acquisition and analysis -------------------- 37
Chapter 4 Result ---------------------------------------- 40
4.1 Behavioral Data ---------------------------------- 40
4.2 ERP Data ----------------------------------------- 43
4.2.1 P2 ------------------------------------------ 48
4.2.2 N400 ---------------------------------------- 48
4.2.3 LPC ----------------------------------------- 51
Chapter 5 Discussion ------------------------------------ 53
5.1 Emotion Effects on Word Processing: P2, N400 and LPC
------------------------------------------------------ 54
5.2 Lack of the Lexical Category Effect in Early Time
Window ----------------------------------------------- 57
5.3 Modulation of Neuroticism in Processing Emotion Words
in Later Time Windows -------------------------------- 58
5.4 Summary ------------------------------------------ 60
Chapter 6 Conclusion ------------------------------------ 61
6.1 Limitations of the Current Study ----------------- 62
References ---------------------------------------------- 63
Appendix A: Short-scale EPQ-R --------------------------- 69
Appendix B: Beck Depression Inventory-second edition (BDI-II) ----------------------------------------------------- 71
Appendix C: The rating questionnaire for stimulus valence-73
Appendix D: The rating questionnaire for stimulus arousal-74
Appendix E: The rating questionnaire for stimulus
imageability -------------------------------------------- 75
Appendix F: A complete list of stimulus words ----------- 76

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