臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文提出利用交叉式摺疊迴圈天線變形之繞線架構，改善傳統螺旋式繞線之NFC 標籤天線阻抗匹配及優化磁場強度。本結構適用於造型卡及ISO規範之一般卡片，透過分析研究線圈輪廓區域及線圈圈數，可得造型卡匹配提升32% ，讀取距離提升14% 之結果；ISO規範之一般卡匹配提升13.6% ，讀取距離提升 5.8% 之結果。在NFC運作頻率固定下，交叉式摺疊迴圈之效果與圈數成正比。

This thesis proposes the use of cross-winding folding loop antenna transformation structure to improve the traditional spiral winding of the NFC tag antenna impedance matching and optimization of the magnetic field strength. This structure is suitable for shape cards and ISO standard cards, through analysis of the coil outline and the coil turns, Regarding the shape cards we gain the study results of 32 percent impedance match improvement, 14 percent reading distance improvement; ISO standard cards we gain the study results of 13.6 percent impedance match improvement, 5.8 percent reading distance improvement. Fixing the NFC operating frequency, the effect of cross-winding folding loop antenna is direct proportional with the number of turns.

摘 要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌 謝 iii
目 錄 iv
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 vii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 概述 1
1.2 論文內容大綱 2
第二章 NFC技術基礎知識 4
2.1 NFC概念簡介 4
2.2 NFC技術發展與應用 5
2.2.1 NFC用於智能媒體 6
2.2.2 NFC用於付款和購票等 6
2.2.3 NFC用於電子票證 6
2.2.4 NFC用於連接和作為無線啟動設備 7
2.3 NFC的工作原理 7
2.4 與其他無線通信技術的比較 8
2.4.1 NFC 與 Bluetooth的差別 8
2.4.2 NFC系統簡介 9
2.5 NFC天線 11
2.5.1 諧振頻率 (Resonant frequency) 11
2.5.2 反射損耗 ( return loss ) 12
2.5.3 阻抗匹配（impedance matching） 12
2.5.4 天線的設計方法 13
2.5.5 NFC天線材料 15
2.5.6 現行 NFC 之天線尺寸 16
2.5.7 NFC 天線設計流程 19
第三章 NFC 標籤天線( 造型卡尺寸 )之磁場強度優化研究(一) 20
3.1 線圈輪廓區域研究 22
3.2線圈匝數研究 24
3.4天線不同繞法比較 27
3.5史密斯圓圖 28
第四章 NFC 標籤天線( 一般卡片尺寸 )之磁場強度優化研究(二) 30
4.1天線不同繞法比較 (4T) 30
4.2 史密斯圓圖 32
4.3 天線不同繞法比較 (6T) 32
4.4 史密斯圓圖 34
4.5 讀取距離量測 35
4.6 實驗結果與比較 37
4.6.1 NFC標籤天線 ( 造型卡尺寸 ) 37
4.6.2 NFC標籤天線 ( 一般卡片尺寸 ) 38
第五章 結論 41
參考文獻 42

書籍
[1] Klaus Finkenzeller, ” RFID HandBook; Fundamentals and Applications in Contactless Smart Cards and Identification” ,2nd Ed., John Wiley &; Sons Ltd., pp.61-159, 2003.
[2] J. D. Kraus and R. J. Marhefka, “Antennas: for All Applications,” 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill “Folder Dipole Antenna” , P594~P597 2003.
[3] Giesecke and Devrient GmbH., Germany, “ RFID HANDBOOK Radio-Frequency Identification Fundaentals and Applications ”, 1999.
期刊論文
[4] R.Schneiderman, “RFID Tags Locate Growing Wireless Markets,”Microwaves &; RF Magazine, Feb. 1994.
學位論文
[5] “ Design of 13.56 MHz RFID System “逢甲大學資訊電機工程碩士在職 專班 碩 士 論 文研究生：楊智雄 指導教授：施順鵬博士
[6] “ Integration of RFID analog circuit and antenna design “ 樹德科技大學電腦與通訊 系碩士班碩士論文研究生：楊智雄 指導教授：施順鵬博士
其他參考資料
[7] http://www.nfc-forum.org/home/
[8] http://www.trtc.com.tw/
[9] http://www.tw.nxp.com/
[10] Foongtone Technology Co.,Ltd ， http://www.foongtone.com.tw/
[11] NFCForum-CS-DeviceTestApplication-1.1
[12] RFID – Protokolle, Vorlesung RFID Systems, Michael Gebhart, TU Graz
[13] http://www.emvco.com
[14] ISO/IEC 14443-2 Identification cards-Contactless integrated circuit cardsProximity
[15] JIS X6319-4 (2005) Specification of implementation for contactless circuit card(s)-Part 4: High Speed proximity cards
[16] Standard ECMA-340 Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol (NFCIP-1)
[17] ETSI TS 102 190 Near Field Communication (NFC) IP-1;Interface and Protocol (NFCIP-1)
[18] ISO/IEC 18092 Information technology-Telecommunications and information xchange between systems-Near Field Communication-Interface and Protocol
[19] NFC Digital Protocol Technical Specification 1.0
[20] NFC Analogue Specification Draft, Technical Specification, NFC ForumTM (Subject to change by the NFC Forum)
[21] NFCForum-CS-Device Test Application 1.1
[22] Application Note 1MA190 “Basic Tests of NFC Enabled Devices Using R&;S Test Equipment”
[23] Christian ,”Contactless Cards：Standards and Applications”, foundations in Card Technology May 1，2000.
[24] International Standardization Organization, International standard ISO/IEC 14443-1,-2, -3, Apr. 2003.
[25] ISO/IEC 10373-6 – Identification Cards – Test Methods – Part 6 : Proximity Cards
[26] Richard Wallace，“ Antenna Selection Guide ” Application Note AN678 by Texas Instruments Inc.,
[27] “ Antenna Design &; RF Tuning “, NXP Semiconductors. , May 2011.
[28] Youbok Lee,“ RFID Coil Design ” Application Note AN678 by Microchip
Technology Inc.