臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來，由於接連爆發食安和環安問題，台灣人民對於企業之良知和信用產生了質疑，認為企業在經營上不能僅追求財務報表上的獲益，而是需要考量對整體社會利害相關人之權益。隨著經濟全球化的發展，跨國企業利用了各國稅法上的差異，透過利潤移轉的方式進行租稅規避，導致各國政府出現了稅基侵蝕的問題，然而稅賦收入為國家公共財重要的資金來源，因此許多文獻認為，若企業從事租稅規避的行為，會被認為對社會不負責，進而損害了利害關係人的權益。然而國內外對於企業社會責任與租稅規避之關係的結論並不一致，因此本研究認為股權結構可能影響了前述兩者之關係，根據代理理論，所有權與經營控制權越分離時，經理人與公司股東之間產生了代理問題，當經理人持股越高時，經理人與公司利益一致並解決了代理問題，因此本研究欲探討經理人持股是否影響了企業社會責任與租稅規避之間的關係。

本研究以我國2010-2016之上市櫃公司作為樣本來源，以有效稅率及財稅差異來調查企業是否有租稅規避的行為，實證結果支持假說1，越具企業社會責任的企業，有較高的有效稅率；假說2，經理人持股越高的企業，有較高的有效稅率和較小的財稅差異；以及假說3，經理人持股且具CSR之公司，有較小的財稅差異，因此經理人持股對企業社會責任與租稅規避之關係具有影響。

第一章、緒論 1
第一節、研究背景與動機 1
第二節、研究目的與貢獻 6
第三節、研究流程與架構 7
第二章、文獻回顧 9
第一節、企業社會責任 9
第二節、租稅規避 11
第三節、股權結構 12
第四節、企業社會責任、租稅規避與股權結構 15
第三章、假說發展與研究設計 19
第一節、研究假說 19
第二節、變數定義與實證模型 21
第四章、實證結果 30
第一節、樣本選取與資料來源 30
第二節、實證結果 33
第五章、敏感性分析 45
第一節、企業社會責任之高低 45
第二節、經理人持股比例之高低 47
第六章、結論與建議 51
第一節、研究結論 51
第二節、研究限制與建議 53
參考文獻 54
中文部分 54
西文部份 55

參考文獻

中文部分
王元章與張椿柏，2011，從核心代理問題的角度探討股權結構，董事會特性對公司價值之影響，證券市場發展季刊，第2卷第2期: 131-174。
王肇蘭與蔡怡徵，2016，企業社會責任與財稅差異之關聯，會計審計論叢，第6卷第1期: 1-22。
江立晴，2017，經理人能力對公司租稅規避之影響，國立中興大學未出版碩士論文。
池祥萱，池祥麟與梁綺羚，2016，企業社會責任之策略性分析，管理評論，第35卷第1期: 21-45。
李哲安，2015，企業社會責任與租稅規避之關聯性，國立中興大學碩士未出版論文。
侯啟娉，蔡玉琴，倪伯煌與李子文，2017，財務績效、公司稅與企業社會責任揭露，商管科技季刊，第18卷第1期: 75-100。
高蘭芬，陳怡凱與陳美蓮，2011，代理問題與盈餘穩健性，會計評論，第52期: 103-136。
張森河，王登仕，黃劭彥與邱安安，2013，核心代理問題及盈餘管理對公司價值的影響，會計學報，第5卷第1期: 61-96。
張瑞當，方俊儒與曾玉琦，2007， 核心代理問題與盈餘管理:董事會結構與外部監督機制之探討，管理學報，第24卷第1期: 17-39。
曹壽民，金成隆與呂學典，2011，股權結構與多角化，臺大管理論叢，第22卷第1期: 165-198。
陳育成，許峰睿與黃聖雯，2013，企業社會責任與經營績效之關聯性研究，評價學報，第6期: 53-72。
陳明進，2009。 財務報表資料推估課稅所得之研究，管理學報，26卷6期，625-636。
陳振遠，王健聰與洪世偉，2017，公司治理對於企業社會責任公司價值之影響，中山管理評論，第25卷第1期: 135-176。
黃惠君，蘇淑慧與盧正宗，2017，高階經理人薪酬，性別與企業社會責任之探討， 管理資訊計算，第6期: 158-170。
黃瓊瑤，張瑞元與林金賢，2014，企業社會責任揭露對權益資金成本之影響，臺灣企業績效學刊，第7卷第2期 : 103-124。
葛克昌，1977，租稅規避之研究，臺大法學論叢，第6卷第2期: 67-187。
謝怡如，2016，經理人持股，企業社會責任與租稅規避之關係-來自負面社會責任企業之證據，國立中興大學未出版碩士論文。
魏妤珊，2017，有社會責任的公司比較不會避稅嗎?-台灣上市公司實證，管理與系統，第24卷31期: 393-431。
 
西文部分

Aiken, L. S., S. G. West, and R. R. Reno. 1991. Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Sage.
Ali, A., T. Y. Chen, and S. Radhakrishnan. 2007. Corporate disclosures by family firms. Journal of Accounting and Economics 44(1): 238-286.
Armstrong, C. S., J. L. Blouin, A. D. Jagolinzer, and D. F. Larcker. 2015. Corporate governance, incentives, and tax avoidance. Journal of Accounting and Economics 60(1): 1-17.
Arrow, K. J. 1973. Social responsibility and economic efficiency. Public Policy 21(3): 303-317.
Badertscher, B. A., S. P. Katz, and S. O. Rego. 2013. The separation of ownership and control and corporate tax avoidance. Journal of Accounting and Economics 56(2): 228-250.
Ball, R., S. P. Kothari, and A. Robin. 2000. The effect of international institutional factors on properties of accounting earnings. Journal of Accounting and Economics 29(1): 1-51.
Bankman, J. 2004. The tax shelter problem. National Tax Journal: 925-936.
Barnea, A. and A. Rubin. 2010. Corporate social responsibility as a conflict between shareholders. Journal of Business Ethics 97(1): 71-86.
Bénabou, R., and J. Tirole. 2010. Individual and corporate social responsibility. Economica 77(305): 1-19.
Blaylock, B. S. 2016. Is tax avoidance associated with economically significant rent extraction among US firms? Contemporary Accounting Research 33(3):1013-1043.
Bowen, H. R. 1953. Social responsibilities of the businessman (No. 3). Harper.
Brealey, R., H. E. Leland, and D. H. Pyle. 1977. Informational asymmetries, financial structure, and financial intermediation. The Journal of Finance 32(2): 371-387.
Carroll, A. B. 1979. A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate performance. Academy of Management Review 4(4): 497-505.
Cespa, G. and G. Cestone. 2007. Corporate social responsibility and managerial entrenchment. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 16(3): 741-771.
Chen, S., X. Chen, Q. Cheng, and T. Shevlin. 2010. Are family firms more tax aggressive than non-family firms? Journal of Financial Economics 95(1): 41-61.
Cheng, C. A., H. H. Huang, Y. Li, and J. Stanfield. 2012. The effect of hedge fund activism on corporate tax avoidance. The Accounting Review 87(5): 1493-1526.
Choi, B. B., D. Lee, and Y. Park. 2013. Corporate social responsibility, corporate governance and earnings quality: Evidence from Korea. Corporate Governance: An International Review 21(5): 447-467.
Christensen, J. and R. Murphy. 2004. The social irresponsibility of corporate tax avoidance: Taking CSR to the bottom line. Development 47(3): 37-44.
Chyz, J. A. 2013. Personally tax aggressive executives and corporate tax sheltering. Journal of Accounting and Economics 56(2): 311-328.
Claessens, S., S. Djankov, and L. H. Lang. 2000. The separation of ownership and control in East Asian corporations. Journal of financial Economics 58(1): 81-112.
Cooper, M. G. and M. J. Knittel. 2010. The implications of tax asymmetry for US corporations. National Tax Journal 63(1): 33.
David, P., M. Bloom, and A. J. Hillman. 2007. Investor activism, managerial responsiveness, and corporate social performance. Strategic Management Journal 28(1): 91-100.
Davis, A. K., D. A. Guenther, L. K. Krull, and B. M. Williams. 2016. Do socially responsible firms pay more taxes? The Accounting Review 91(1): 47-68.
Desai, M. A., A. Dyck, and L. Zingales. 2007. Theft and taxes. Journal of Financial Economics 84(3): 591-623.
Desai, M. A., and F. Dharmapala. 2006. Corporate tax avoidance and high-powered incentives. Journal of Financial Economics 79(1): 145-179.
Dhaliwal, D. S., O. Z. Li, A. Tsang, and Y. G. Yang. 2011. Voluntary nonfinancial disclosure and the cost of equity capital: The initiation of corporate social responsibility reporting. The Accounting Review 86(1): 59-100
Dyreng, S. D., M. Hanlon, and E. L. Maydew .2008. Long-run corporate tax avoidance. The Accounting Review 83(1):61-82.
Dyreng, S. D., M. Hanlon, and E. L. Maydew. 2010. The effects of executives on corporate tax avoidance. The Accounting Review 85(4):1163-1189.
Erickson, M., M. Hanlon, and E. L. Maydew. 2004. How much will firms pay for earnings that do not exist? Evidence of taxes paid on allegedly fraudulent earnings. The Accounting Review 79(2): 387-408.
Erle, B. 2008. Tax risk management and board responsibility. Tax and Corporate Governance: 205-220.
Faccio, M., L. H. Lang and L. Young. 2001. Dividends and expropriation. American Economic Review: 54-78.
Fama, E. F. and M. C. Jensen .1983. Separation of ownership and control. The journal of law and Economics 26(2): 301-325.
Fan, J. P. and T. J. Wong. 2002. Corporate ownership structure and the informativeness of accounting earnings in East Asia. Journal of Accounting and Economics 33(3): 401-425.
Ferrell, A., H. Liang, L. Renneboog .2016. Socially responsible firms. Journal of Financial Economics 122(3): 585-606.
Fombrun, C. J., N. A. Gardberg, and M. L. Barnett. 2000. Opportunity platforms and safety nets: Corporate citizenship and reputational risk. Business and Society Review 105(1): 85-106.
Frank, M. M., L. J. Lynch, and S. O. Rego. 2009. Tax reporting aggressiveness and its relation to aggressive financial reporting. The Accounting Review 84(2): 467-496.
Freeman, R. E. 1984. Strategic planning: A stakeholder approach. Pitman, Boston.
Friedman, M. 1970. A theoretical framework for monetary analysis. Journal of Political Economy 78(2): 193-238.
Gao, L., and J. H. Zhang. 2015. Firms’ earnings smoothing, corporate social responsibility, and valuation. Journal of Corporate Finance 32: 108-127.
Gilson, R. J. and J. N. Gordon. 2003. Controlling controlling shareholders. University of Pennsylvania Law Review 152(2): 785-843.
Godfrey, P. C., C. B. Merrill, and J. M. Hansen. 2009. The relationship between corporate social responsibility and shareholder value: An empirical test of the risk management hypothesis. Strategic management journal 30(4): 425-445.
Graham, J. R., M. Hanlon, T. Shevlin, and N. Shroff. 2013. Incentives for tax planning and avoidance: Evidence from the field. The Accounting Review 89(3): 991-1023.
Gras-Gil, E., M. P. Manzano, and J. H Fernández. 2016. Investigating the relationship between corporate social responsibility and earnings management: Evidence from Spain. BRQ Business Research Quarterly 19(4): 289-299.
Gupta, S. and K. Newberry. 1997. Determinants of the variability in corporate effective tax rates: Evidence from longitudinal data. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy 16(1): 1-34.
Han, K. C. and D. Y. Suk. 1998. The effect of ownership structure on firm performance: Additional evidence. Review of Financial Economics 7(2):143-155.
Hanlon, M. and S. Heitzman .2010. A review of tax research. Journal of Accounting and Economics 50(2): 127-178.
Hanlon, M., and J. Slemrod. 2009. What does tax aggressiveness signal? Evidence from stock price reactions to news about tax shelter involvement. Journal of Public Economics 93(1): 126-141.
Hart, O. and J. Moore.1990. Property Rights and the Nature of the Firm. Journal of Political Economy 98(6): 1119-1158.
Hemingway, C. A. and P. W. Maclagan. 2004. Managers' personal values as drivers of corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics 50(1): 33-44.
Hoi, C. K., Q. Wu, and H. Zhang. 2013. Is corporate social responsibility (CSR) associated with tax avoidance? Evidence from irresponsible CSR activities. The Accounting Review 88(6): 2025-2059.
Hribar, P. and D. W. Collins. 2002. Errors in estimating accruals: Implications for empirical research. Journal of Accounting Research 40(1): 105-134.
Jensen, M. C. and R. S. Ruback. 1983. The market for corporate control: The scientific evidence. Journal of Financial Economics 11(1-4): 5-50.
Jensen, M. C. and W. H. Meckling. 1976. Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics 3(4): 305-360.
Jensen, M. C., and K. J. Murphy. 1990. Performance pay and top-management incentives. Journal of Political Economy 98(2): 225-264.
Jo, H. and M. A. Harjoto. 2011. Corporate governance and firm value: The impact of corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics 103(3): 351-383.
Johnson, R. A. and D. W. Greening. 1999. The effects of corporate governance and institutional ownership types on corporate social performance. Academy of Management Journal 42(5): 564-576.
Kim, J. B., Y. Li, and L. Zhang. 2011. Corporate tax avoidance and stock price crash risk: Firm-level analysis. Journal of Financial Economics 100(3): 639-662.
Kim, Y., M. S. Park, and B. Wier. 2012. Is earnings quality associated with corporate social responsibility? The Accounting Review 87(3): 761-796.
Klein, B. and K. B. Leffler. 1981. The role of market forces in assuring contractual performance. Journal of Political Economy 89(4): 615-641.
Kolk, A. 2016. The social responsibility of international business: From ethics and the environment to CSR and sustainable development. Journal of World Business 51(1): 23-34.
Kothari, S. P., A. J. Leone, and C. E. Wasley. 2005. Performance matched discretionary accrual measures. Journal of Accounting and Economics 39(1): 163-197.
Kreps, D. M. 1990. Corporate culture and economic theory. Perspectives on Positive Political Economy 90: 109-10.
Lafond, R. and S. Roychowdhury. 2008. Managerial ownership and accounting conservatism. Journal of Accounting Research 46(1): 101-135.
Laguir, I. and R. Staglianò. 2014. How do powerful CEOs manage corporate tax aggressiveness? Economics Bulletin 34(3): 1361-1368.
Laguir, I., R. Staglianò, and J. Elbaz. 2015. Does corporate social responsibility affect corporate tax aggressiveness? Journal of Cleaner Production 107: 662-675.
Landry, S., M. Deslandes, and A. Fortin. 2013. Tax aggressiveness, corporate social responsibility, and ownership structure.
Lanis, R., and G. Richardson. 2012. Corporate social responsibility and tax aggressiveness: An empirical analysis. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy 31(1): 86-108.
Lanis, R., and G. Richardson. 2015. Is corporate social responsibility performance associated with tax avoidance? Journal of Business Ethics 127(2): 439-457.
LaPorta, R. and F. Lopez‐de‐Silanes, and A. Shleifer .1999. Corporate ownership around the world. The Journal of Finance 54(2):471-517.
Leuz, C., D. Nanda, and P. D. Wysocki. 2003. Earnings management and investor protection: an international comparison. Journal of Financial Economics 69(3): 505-527.
Manzon Jr, G. B., and G. A. Plesko. 2001. The relation between financial and tax reporting measures of income. Tax Law. Review. 55: 175.
McGee, R. W. 2010. Ethical issues in transfer pricing.Manchester Journal of International Economic Law 7(2): 24-41.
McGuire, S. T., D. Wang, and R. J. Wilson. 2014. Dual class ownership and tax avoidance. The Accounting Review 89(4): 1487-1516.
McWilliams, A., D. S. Siegel, and P. M. Wright .2006. Corporate social responsibility: Strategic implications. Journal of Management Studies 43(1): 1-18.
Mgbame, C. O., M. A. Chijoke-Mgbame, S. Yekini, and Y. C. Kemi. 2017. Corporate social responsibility performance and tax aggressiveness. Journal of Accounting and Taxation 9(8): 101-108.
Muller, A. and A. Kolk. 2015. Responsible tax as corporate social responsibility: the case of multinational enterprises and effective tax in India. Business and Society 54(4): 435-463.
Orlitzky, M., F. L. Schmidt, and S. L. Rynes. 2003. Corporate social and financial performance: A meta-analysis. Organization Studies 24: 403–441.
Owens, J. 2005. The interface of tax and good corporate governance. Tax Notes International 37: 767-769.
Petersen, H. L. and H. Vredenburg. 2009. Morals or economics? Institutional investor preferences for corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics 90(1): 1-14.
Petrovits, C. M. 2006. Corporate-sponsored foundations and earnings management. Journal of Accounting and Economics 41(3): 335-362.
Porter, M. E. and M. R. Kramer. 2006. Strategy and society: the link between corporate social responsibility and competitive advantage. Harvard Business Review 84(12): 78-92.
Prior, D., J. Surroca, and J. A. Tribó. 2008. Are socially responsible managers really ethical? Exploring the relationship between earnings management and corporate social responsibility. Corporate Governance: An International Review 16(3): 160-177.
Robinson, J. R., S. A. Sikes, and C. D. Weaver. 2010. Performance measurement of corporate tax departments. The Accounting Review 85(3): 1035-1064.
Scherer, A. G., G. Palazzo, and D. Baumann. 2006. Global rules and private actors: Toward a new role of the transnational corporation in global governance. Business Ethics Quarterly 16(4): 505-532.
Scherer, A. G., G. Palazzo, and D. Baumann. 2006. Global rules and private actors: Toward a new role of the transnational corporation in global governance. Business Ethics Quarterly 16(4): 505-532.
Siegel, D. S. and D.F. Vitaliano. 2007. An empirical analysis of the strategic use of corporate social responsibility. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 16(3): 773-792.
Sikka, P. 2010. Smoke and mirrors: Corporate social responsibility and tax avoidance. In Accounting Forum 34(3): 153-168.
Sims, R. L., and K. G. Kroeck. 1994. The influence of ethical fit on employee satisfaction, commitment and turnover. Journal of Business Ethics 13(12): 939-947.
Stickney, C. P. and V. E. McGee. 1982. Effective corporate tax rates the effect of size, capital intensity, leverage, and other factors. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy 1(2):125-152.
White, H. 1980. A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society: 817-838.
Wahab, N. S. A., K. Holland. 2012. Tax planning, corporate governance and equity value. The British Accounting Review 44(2): 111-124.
Watson, L. 2015. Corporate social responsibility, tax avoidance, and earnings performance. The Journal of the American Taxation Association 37(2): 1-21.
Wilson, R. J. 2009. An examination of corporate tax shelter participants. The Accounting Review 84(3): 969-999.