臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究利用多重發光層原理製作小分子白光有機電激發光元件，一般白光元件依結構分為多摻雜單層發光元件與多重發光層元件，而多重發光層元件又分為雙發光層元件與三發光層元件。本實驗採用三發光層元件，其優點為膜厚控制較簡單，EL光譜之放光波段較寬等；但是其缺點為結構較複雜，光色易隨電壓而變化。本研究即對其光色易隨電壓而變化的缺點進行改善。
本實驗共分為五部份，第一部分為紅光層之最佳化，利用綠光主體材料Alq3搭配紅光材料DCJTB製作紅光發光層，藉由調變紅光客體之摻雜濃度，得到最佳化紅光發光層參數。第二部份為藍光層之最佳化，利用晶宜科技提供之藍光主體材料TC-1558與藍光客體材料TC-1753搭配製作藍光發光層，藉由調變藍光客體之摻雜濃度，得到最佳化藍光發光層參數。第三部份為綠光基礎元件製作，以闡明綠光元件的效率，將來做為調整光色之用。第四部份為調變藍光層與紅光層之厚度，得到最佳厚度比，使元件光色接近白光。最後則是加入綠光層，結構如下：ITO(1300Å)/NPB(500Å)/ TPB3(500-2x Å)/ TC-1558(xÅ)：TC-1753(2%)/ Alq3(xÅ)：DCJTB(2%)/ Alq3(350Å)/ LiF(8Å)/Al(2000Å)。
在TPB3(200Å)/ TC-1558(150Å)：TC-1753(2%)/ Alq3(150Å)：DCJTB(2%)厚度之下，可以得到在電流密度1000 mA/cm2時亮度達到40700cd/m2，發光效率達到4.06cd/A，發光功率效率達到0.98 lm/W，CIE xy =(0.33, 0.33)。而在9V~13.5V操作電壓之下，其CIE1931色座標之漂移量僅(0.325±0.05, 0.32±0.005)。
本實驗成功的製作出多發光層白光元件，並且有良好的亮度與色純度，可應用於全彩顯示器及照明用途。

We have fabricated a high brightness and color purity white light organic light emitting diode based on a multi-emission-layer. There were several methods to achieve white light OLEDs, including multi-emission- layer device, single emission layer device, and so on. We use RGB triple -emission-layer device to obtain white light, because its EL spectrum is broader than that of the dual-emission-layer device. Frequent problems that showed be faced in a multi-layer structure are the complicate device structure and the color various with different operation voltage.
Our work includes five parts. First, we optimized the red light device by controlling the concentration of DCJTB with the configuration of ITO/NPB/Alq3: DCJTB/Alq3/LiF/Al. Second, we optimized the blue light device by controlling the concentration of TC-1753 based on a device structure of ITO/ NPB/ TC-1558: TC-1753/ Alq3/ LiF/ Al. Third, we fabricated green light device by using TPB3 as an emission layer with the configuration of ITO/NPB/TPB3/Alq3/LiF/Al. Then we optimized the dual-emission-layer white light OLED by adjusting the thickness of blue and red emission layers. Finally, we added a green emission layer into the dual emission layer device with the device structure of ITO(1300Å)/NPB(500Å)/ TPB3(500-2xÅ)/ TC-1558(xÅ): TC-1753(2%)/ Alq3(xÅ): DCJTB(2%)/ Alq3(350Å)/ LiF(8Å)/Al(2000Å).
By controlling the thickness of each emission layer, a stable white OLED was achieved. The thickness of emission layer were TPB3(200Å)/ TC-1558(150Å):TC-1753(2%)/ Alq3(150Å):DCJTB(2%). The maximum luminance reached 48200 cd/m2 at 13.5V, the maximum current efficiency and power efficiency were 4.06 cd/A at 13V and 1.9 lm/W at 20mA/cm2, respectively. The CIE coordinate varied from (0.339, 0.317) to (0.339, 0.327) with an applied voltage from 9V to 13.5V. We have overcome the problem of instable color purity which was the critical disadvantage of multi-emission-layer white light OLEDs. Our study performed a high brightness and color purity white light device.

誌謝…………………………………………………………………….…I
中文摘要……………………………………………………………...…II
Abstract…………………………………………………………………IV
目錄…………………………………………………………………..…VI
圖目錄………………………………………………………………..…XI
表目錄……………………………………………………………...…XIV
第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………..1
1-1有機電激發光元件簡介………………………………………...1
1-2有機電激發光元件基本結構…………………………………...4
1-3有機電激發光元件基本發光原理……………………………...6
1-4有機電激發光元件材料介紹…………………………………...8
1-4-1 電洞注入層材料……………………………………….8
1-4-2 電洞傳輸層材料……………………………………….9
1-4-3 電子注入層材料……………………………………...10
1-4-4 電子傳輸層材料…………………………………...…10
1-4-5 發光層材料………………………………………...…10
1-4-6 陽極…………………………………………………...12
1-4-7 陰極…………………………………………………...12
1-5有機電激發光元件發光效率之定義和測量方法…………….13
1-5-1 內、外部量子效率………………………………….…13
1-5-2 基本光學特性……………………………………...…14
1-6有機電激發光元件的色彩鑑定…………………………….…15
1-6-1 色彩學原理…………………………………………...15
1-6-2 CIE 1931色座標……………………………………...16
第二章 理論基礎與實驗動機…………………………………………19
2-1有機電激發光能量轉移機制………………………………….19
2-1-1 Förster能量轉移機制………………………………...19
2-1-2 Dexter能量轉移機制………………………………...24
2-2 白光有機電激發光元件………………………………………25
2-2-1 多摻雜單發光層白光有機電激發光元件…………...25
2-2-2 多重發光層白光有機電激發光元件………………...25
2-2-3 利用活化雙體與活化錯合物的白光有機電激發光
元件…………………………………………………...26
2-3研究動機……………………………………………………….28
第三章 實驗方法與設備………………………………………………29
3-1實驗架構……………………………………………………….29
3-2實驗材料……………………………………………………….32
3-3實驗設備……………………………………………………….33
3-3-1 製程設備……………………………………………...33
3-3-2 量測設備……………………………………………...36
3-4實驗步驟……………………………………………………….42
3-4-1 ITO基板前處理………………………………………42
3-4-1-1 ITO基板蝕刻………………………………..42
3-4-1-2 ITO基板清潔………………………………..43
3-4-2 有機與金屬薄膜製程………………………………...44
3-4-3 元件封裝製程………………………………………...45
第四章 結果與討論……………………………………………………46
4-1基礎元件特性分析…………………………………………….46
4-1-1 基礎紅光元件特性分析……………………………...46
4-1-2 基礎藍光元件特性分析……………………………...52
4-1-3 基礎綠光元件特性分析……………………………...58
4-2雙發光層白光元件特性分析………………………………….64
4-3三發光層白光元件特性分析………………………………….73
第五章 總結……………………………………………………………86
參考文獻………………………………………………………………..88

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