臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究的目的為探討飼料中添加不同含量之蛋白質對於大和米蝦(Caridina multidentata）稚蝦的成長以及母蝦催熟選用之生餌並解決對於成蝦抱卵後之踢卵行為。

本實驗共可分為五組不同蛋白質含量之組別，分別為20%、25%、30%、35%以及僅使用魚粉做為蛋白質來源的控制組62%。每日給予大和米蝦稚蝦(平均初重為1.67 mg，長度為5.9 mm) 餵食其總體重10% 的飼料。飼育八週後，無論是增重、日成長率 (Specific growth rate, SGR) 、飼料轉換效率(FCR)、攝食率(FI)以及活存率在各個不同蛋白質含量的組別中均無顯著差異。

種蝦催熟試驗有四組分別飼予青蟲、牡蠣、烏賊，以及商業飼料做為控制組，每組放100隻卵巢未發育之母蝦，每隻體長為3~3.5 cm，並且每天給予餵食5 ± 0.5 g，做二重複。而此實驗可將其發育階段的不同分為四期並據以計算性腺成熟指數(Maturation Index, MI) 。結果發現性腺指數以飼予青蟲者 (3.3) 最高其次為牡蠣 (3.0) 、烏賊 (2.7) 而商用飼料 (1.8) 最低.

在抱卵母蝦踢卵試驗中，亞硝酸濃度與24小時踢卵比例以2 ppm (100%)為最高，次之為1.5 ppm (80%)、1.0 ppm (50%)、 0.5ppm (30%)而以0 ppm (0%)最低。而於其後之試驗中發現母蝦密度與踢卵比例以30 隻/升 (83%) 最高，其次各組為 20隻/升 (70%)、 10 隻/升 (30%)， 而以密度為5 隻/升 (0%)沒有踢卵狀況。

稚蝦成長蛋白質需求約在20%，成蝦催熟餌料以青蟲最佳八週內可以交配繁殖。將抱卵母蝦密度控制在5隻/升範圍內可有效防止踢卵行為。

The objective of this study was to investigate the suitable juvenile dietary protein level for growth and maturation induction of adult shrimp with special solution on the pouched egg dropping behavior for the Amano shrimp (Caridina multidentata).
There were five experimental diets containing protein level of 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and another diet with protein level of 62% exclusively using fishmeal as protein source. There were no significant differences among the results in weight gain; specific growth rate and survival rate after the Amano shrimp post larvae (averaged initial body weight 1.67 mg, length 5.9 mm) had received different levels of the respective diet at a daily ration of 10% body weight for 56 days of feeding experiment.
Of the maturation induction experiment, there were four treatments of duplicated female sub-adult shrimp (body length 3 - 3.5 cm., 100 ind./tank) which received 5 ± 0.5g daily the respective raw food item of green worm, oyster, squid and one commercial feed as control. After eight weeks of feeding experiment, those shrimp received green worm showed the highest MI (Maturation Index) value of (3.3) followed by the oyster (3.0), squid (2.7) and the commercial diet (1.8) the lowest.
The highest percentage of females showing egg dropping behavior is at ammonia nitrogen concentration at 2 ppm (100%) followed by 1.5 ppm (80%), 1.0 ppm (50%), 0.5ppm (30%) then 0 ppm (0%) the lowest. Further trial finds that the highest percentage of egg dropping females occurrs at 30 ind./L (83%) followed by 20 ind./L (70%), then 10 ind./L (30%) and 5 ind./L (0%) the lowest.
The protein required level for juvenile growth around 20% CP, green worm the best choice for adult maturation induction and stock density of 5 ind./L to prevent pouched egg dropping behavior are concluded.

DECLARATION III
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IV
摘要 V
ABSTRACT VII
TABLE OF CONTENTS VIII
ABBREVIATIONS X
LIST OF TABLES XI
LIST OF FIGURES XII
1. INTRODUCTION 2
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 6
2.1. Amano shrimp (Caridina multidentata). 6
2.1.1. Classification 6
2.1.2. Habitat and environment 6
2.1.3. Feeding and nutrition 6
2.1.4. Behavior 7
2.1.5. Sexing Amano Shrimp 8
2.1.6. Breeding Amano Shrimp 8
2.2. Growth and nutritional requirement of shrimps 8
3. MATERIAL AND METHODS 12
3.1. Source of shrimps, brood stock management and environmental control 12
3.2. Diet preparation 12
3.3. Proximate composition 12
3.4. Design and experimental conditions 14
3.5. Sampling and data collection 17
3.6. Calculations and statistical analysis 18
4. RESULTS 20
4.1. Water quality parameters 20
4.2. Experimental diet 20
4.3. Growth performance 20
4.4. Survival 21
4.5. Effect of different raw ingredients on Ovarian Development of Female Shrimp. 21
4.6. Ovigerous female of shrimps under the effect of density and ammonia-nitrogen concentration 22
5. DISCUSSION 24
6. CONCLUSION 28
7. REFERENCE 29

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