林忠毅。 (2004)。 添加多元胺 putrescine 對離體培養玉米子粒發育的影響。中華農學會報, 5(1): 11-24。
陳逸凡。(2004)。鹽分逆境下適應性水稻懸浮細胞多元胺與脯胺酸含量變化及其代謝途徑相關性。國立彰化師範大學生物學系研究所碩士論文。徐郁雯。(2006)。鹽分逆境對不同耐性水稻懸浮標多元胺生合成基因表現之影響。國立彰化師範大學生物學系研究所碩士論文。楊勝仲、黃耿祥、陳泓毅及林裕城。(2010)。微形胞膜電穿孔基因轉殖晶片最佳化之研究。成大研發快訊,第十二卷 第九期。
侯品全。(2013)。利用VIGS靜默多元胺合成酶基因來探討多元胺對煙草生長發育的影響。國立彰化師範大學生物學系研究所碩士論文。Alcazar, R., Altabella, T., Marco, F., Bortolotti, C., Reymond, M., Koncz, C., Carrasco, P., and Tiburcio, A.F. (2010). Polyamines: molecules with regulatory functions in plant abiotic stress tolerance. Planta 231, 1237-1249.
Alderton, W.K., Cooper, C.E., and Knowles, R.G. (2001). Nitric oxide synthases: structure, function and inhibition. The Biochemical Journal 357, 593-615.
Ali, R., Ma, W., Lemtiri-Chlieh, F., Tsaltas, D., Leng, Q., von Bodman, S., and Berkowitz, G.A. (2007). Death don't have no mercy and neither does calcium: Arabidopsis CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE GATED CHANNEL2 and innate immunity. The Plant Cell Online 19, 1081-1095.
Anandalakshmi, R. (2003). Virus-induced gene silencing. Plant Functional Genomics, 287-293.
Atkinson, N.J., and Urwin, P.E. (2012). The interaction of plant biotic and abiotic stresses: from genes to the field. Journal of Experimental Botany 63, 3523-3543.
Bae, H., Kim, S.H., Kim, M.S., Sicher, R.C., Lary, D., Strem, M.D., Natarajan, S., and Bailey, B.A. (2008). The drought response of Theobroma cacao (cacao) and the regulation of genes involved in polyamine biosynthesis by drought and other stresses. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 46, 174-188.
Bagni, N., and Tassoni, A. (2001). Biosynthesis, oxidation and conjugation of aliphatic polyamines in higher plants. Amino Acids 20, 301-317.
Barroso, J.B., Corpas, F.J., Carreras, A., Sandalio, L.M., Valderrama, R., Palma, J.M., Lupianez, J.A., and del Rio, L.A. (1999). Localization of nitric-oxide synthase in plant peroxisomes. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 274, 36729-36733.
Bartel, D.P. (2004). MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function. Cell 116, 281-297.
Baulcombe, D.C. (1999). Fast forward genetics based on virus-induced gene silencing. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 2, 109-113.
Bennypaul, H.S., Mutti, J.S., Rustgi, S., Kumar, N., Okubara, P.A., and Gill, K.S. (2012). Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of genes expressed in root, leaf, and meiotic tissues of wheat. Functional and Integrative Genomics 12, 143-156.
Bethke, P.C., Libourel, I.G., and Jones, R.L. (2006). Nitric oxide reduces seed dormancy in Arabidopsis. Journal of Experimental Botany 57, 517-526.
Boget, N., Torné, J., Willadino, L., and Santos, M. (1995). Variations in endogenous polyamine content of maize calli obtained from zygotic and androgenetic embryos. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 40, 139-144.
Bouche, N., and Bouchez, D. (2001). Arabidopsis gene knockout: phenotypes wanted. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 4, 111-117.
Bouchereau, A., Aziz, A., Larher, F., and Martin-Tanguy, J. (1999). Polyamines and environmental challenges: recent development. Plant Science 140, 103-125.
Bright, J., Desikan, R., Hancock, J.T., Weir, I.S., and Neill, S.J. (2006). ABA‐induced NO generation and stomatal closure in Arabidopsis are dependent on H2O2 synthesis. The Plant Journal 45, 113-122.
Burch-Smith, T.M., Anderson, J.C., Martin, G.B., and Dinesh-Kumar, S.P. (2004). Applications and advantages of virus-induced gene silencing for gene function studies in plants. The Plant Journal 39, 734-746.
Burton, R.A., Gibeaut, D.M., Bacic, A., Findlay, K., Roberts, K., Hamilton, A., Baulcombe, D.C., and Fincher, G.B. (2000). Virus-induced silencing of a plant cellulose synthase gene. The Plant Cell 12, 691-706.
Caro, A., and Puntarulo, S. (1999). Nitric oxide generation by soybean embryonic axes. Possible effect on mitochondrial function. Free Radical Research 31 Suppl, S205-212.
Chattopadhayay, M.K., Tiwari, B.S., Chattopadhyay, G., Bose, A., Sengupta, D.N., and Ghosh, B. (2002). Protective role of exogenous polyamines on salinity-stressed rice (Oryza sativa) plants. Physiologia Plantarum 116, 192-199.
Cho, S.-C. (1983). Effects of cytokinin and several inorganic cations on the polyamine content of lettuce cotyledons. Plant and Cell Physiology 24, 27-32.
Chuang, C.-F., and Meyerowitz, E.M. (2000). Specific and heritable genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97, 4985-4990.
Clough, S.J., Fengler, K.A., Yu, I.-c., Lippok, B., Smith, R.K., and Bent, A.F. (2000). The Arabidopsis dnd1 “defense, no death” gene encodes a mutated cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97, 9323-9328.
Cona, A., Rea, G., Angelini, R., Federico, R., and Tavladoraki, P. (2006). Functions of amine oxidases in plant development and defence. Trends in Plant Science 11, 80-88.
Corpas, F.J., Del Rio, L.A., and Barroso, J.B. (2007). Need of biomarkers of nitrosative stress in plants. Trends in Plant Science 12, 436-438.
Corpas, F.J., Palma, J.M., del Rio, L.A., and Barroso, J.B. (2009). Evidence supporting the existence of L-arginine-dependent nitric oxide synthase activity in plants. The New Phytologist 184, 9-14.
Corpas, F.J., Barroso, J.B., Carreras, A., Quirós, M., León, A.M., Romero-Puertas, M.C., Esteban, F.J., Valderrama, R., Palma, J.M., and Sandalio, L.M. (2004). Cellular and subcellular localization of endogenous nitric oxide in young and senescent pea plants. Plant Physiology 136, 2722-2733.
Correa-Aragunde, N., Graziano, M., and Lamattina, L. (2004). Nitric oxide plays a central role in determining lateral root development in tomato. Planta 218, 900-905.
Costa, H., Gallego, S.M., and Tomaro, M.a.L. (2002). Effect of UV-B radiation on antioxidant defense system in sunflower cotyledons. Plant Science 162, 939-945.
Couée, I., Hummel, I., Sulmon, C., Gouesbet, G., and El Amrani, A. (2004). Involvement of polyamines in root development. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 76, 1-10.
Cueto, M., Hernandez-Perera, O., Martin, R., Bentura, M.L., Rodrigo, J., Lamas, S., and Golvano, M.P. (1996). Presence of nitric oxide synthase activity in roots and nodules of Lupinus albus. FEBS Letters 398, 159-164.
Dalmay, T., Hamilton, A., Rudd, S., Angell, S., and Baulcombe, D.C. (2000). An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene in Arabidopsis is required for posttranscriptional gene silencing mediated by a transgene but not by a virus. Cell 101, 543-553.
Darnet, S., and Rahier, A. (2004). Plant sterol biosynthesis: identification of two distinct families of sterol 4alpha-methyl oxidases. The Biochemical Journal 378, 889-898.
Del Rio, L.A., Corpas, F.J., and Barroso, J.B. (2004). Nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase activity in plants. Phytochemistry 65, 783-792.
Delledonne, M., Xia, Y., Dixon, R.A., and Lamb, C. (1998). Nitric oxide functions as a signal in plant disease resistance. Nature 394, 585-588.
Duan, J., Li, J., Guo, S., and Kang, Y. (2008). Exogenous spermidine affects polyamine metabolism in salinity-stressed Cucumis sativus roots and enhances short-term salinity tolerance. Journal of Plant Physiology 165, 1620-1635.
Ekengren, S.K., Liu, Y., Schiff, M., Dinesh‐Kumar, S., and Martin, G.B. (2003). Two MAPK cascades, NPR1, and TGA transcription factors play a role in Pto‐mediated disease resistance in tomato. The Plant Journal 36, 905-917.
Fan, H.-F., Du, C.-X., and Guo, S.-R. (2013). Nitric oxide enhances salt tolerance in cucumber seedlings by regulating free polyamine content. Environmental and Experimental Botany 86, 52-59.
Filippou, P., Antoniou, C., and Fotopoulos, V. (2013). The nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside regulates polyamine and proline metabolism in leaves of Medicago truncatula plants. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 56, 172-183.
Foresi, N., Correa-Aragunde, N., Parisi, G., Calo, G., Salerno, G., and Lamattina, L. (2010). Characterization of a nitric oxide synthase from the plant kingdom: NO generation from the green alga Ostreococcus tauri is light irradiance and growth phase dependent. The Plant Cell 22, 3816-3830.
Fos, M., Proano, K., Alabadi, D., Nuez, F., Carbonell, J., and Garcia-Martinez, J.L. (2003). Polyamine metabolism is altered in unpollinated parthenocarpic pat-2 tomato ovaries. Plant physiology 131, 359-366.
Foster, M.W., McMahon, T.J., and Stamler, J.S. (2003). S-nitrosylation in health and disease. Trends in Molecular Medicine 9, 160-168.
Fu, S.F., Tsai, T.M., Chen, Y.R., Liu, C.P., Haiso, L.J., Syue, L.H., Yeh, H.H., and Huang, H.J. (2012). Characterization of the early response of the orchid, Phalaenopsis amabilis, to Erwinia chrysanthemi infection using expression profiling. Physiologia Plantarum 145, 406-425.
Galston, A., Kaur‐Sawhney, R., Altabella, T., and Tiburcio, A. (1997). Plant polyamines in reproductive activity and response to abiotic stress. Botanica Acta 110, 197-207.
Gan, S., and Amasino, R.M. (1997). Making sense of senescence. Plant Physiology 113, 313.
Gill, S.S., and Tuteja, N. (2010). Polyamines and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Plant Signaling and Behavior 5, 26-33.
Gomez-Jimenez, M.C., Paredes, M.A., Gallardo, M., Fernandez-Garcia, N., Olmos, E., and Sanchez-Calle, I.M. (2010). Tissue-specific expression of olive S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase and spermidine synthase genes and polyamine metabolism during flower opening and early fruit development. Planta 232, 629-647.
Gong, B., Li, X., Bloszies, S., Wen, D., Sun, S., Wei, M., Li, Y., Yang, F., Shi, Q., and Wang, X. (2014). Sodic alkaline stress mitigation by interaction of nitric oxide and polyamines involves antioxidants and physiological strategies in Solanum lycopersicum. Free radical biology and medicine 71, 36-48.
Gorren, A.C., Schrammel, A., Schmidt, K., and Mayer, B. (1996). Decomposition of S-nitrosoglutathione in the presence of copper ions and glutathione. Archives Biochemistry Biophysics 330, 219-228.
Graziano, M., and Lamattina, L. (2007). Nitric oxide accumulation is required for molecular and physiological responses to iron deficiency in tomato roots. The Plant Journal 52, 949-960.
Gupta, K.J., and Igamberdiev, A.U. (2013). Recommendations of using at least two different methods for measuring NO. Frontiers In Plant Science 58,1-4.
Gurung, S., Cohen, M.F., Fukuto, J., and Yamasaki, H. (2012). Polyamine-induced rapid root abscission in Azolla pinnata. Journal of Amino Acids 2012, 493209.
Hamilton, A.J., and Baulcombe, D.C. (1999). A species of small antisense RNA in posttranscriptional gene silencing in plants. Science 286, 950-952.
Hancock, J.T. (2012). NO synthase? Generation of nitric oxide in plants. Periodicum Biologorum 114, 19-24.
Hanzawa, Y., Takahashi, T., Michael, A.J., Burtin, D., Long, D., Pineiro, M., Coupland, G., and Komeda, Y. (2000). ACAULIS5, an Arabidopsis gene required for stem elongation, encodes a spermine synthase. The EMBO Journal 19, 4248-4256.
He, Y., Tang, R.-H., Hao, Y., Stevens, R.D., Cook, C.W., Ahn, S.M., Jing, L., Yang, Z., Chen, L., and Guo, F. (2004). Nitric oxide represses the Arabidopsis floral transition. Science 305, 1968-1971.
Hu, X., Zhang, Y., Shi, Y., Zhang, Z., Zou, Z., Zhang, H., and Zhao, J. (2012). Effect of exogenous spermidine on polyamine content and metabolism in tomato exposed to salinity-alkalinity mixed stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 57, 200-209.
Huang, C., Qian, Y., Li, Z., and Zhou, X. (2012). Virus-induced gene silencing and its application in plant functional genomics. Science China. Life Sciences 55, 99-108.
Hummel, I., Couée, I., El Amrani, A., Martin‐Tanguy, J., and Hennion, F. (2002). Involvement of polyamines in root development at low temperature in the subantarctic cruciferous species Pringlea antiscorbutica. Journal of Experimental Botany 53, 1463-1473.
Imai, A., Matsuyama, T., Hanzawa, Y., Akiyama, T., Tamaoki, M., Saji, H., Shirano, Y., Kato, T., Hayashi, H., Shibata, D., Tabata, S., Komeda, Y., and Takahashi, T. (2004). Spermidine synthase genes are essential for survival of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology 135, 1565-1573.
Inzé, D., and Montagu, M.V. (1995). Oxidative stress in plants. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 6, 153-158.
Jiang, M., and Zhang, J. (2002). Water stress-induced abscisic acid accumulation triggers the increased generation of reactive oxygen species and up-regulates the activities of antioxidant enzymes in maize leaves. Journal of Experimental Botany 53, 2401-2410.
Kaiser, W., Weiner, H., and Huber, S. (1999). Nitrate reductase in higher plants: a case study for transduction of environmental stimuli into control of catalytic activity. Physiologia Plantarum 105, 384-389.
Kashiba-Iwatsuki, M., Yamaguchi, M., and Inoue, M. (1996). Role of ascorbic acid in the metabolism of S-nitroso-glutathione. FEBS Letters 389, 149-152.
Katsir, L., Schilmiller, A.L., Staswick, P.E., He, S.Y., and Howe, G.A. (2008). COI1 is a critical component of a receptor for jasmonate and the bacterial virulence factor coronatine. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105, 7100-7105.
Kim, N.H., Kim, B.S., and Hwang, B.K. (2013). Pepper arginine decarboxylase is required for polyamine and γ-aminobutyric acid signaling in cell death and defense response. Plant Physiology 162, 2067-2083.
Klahre, U., Crété, P., Leuenberger, S.A., Iglesias, V.A., and Meins, F. (2002). High molecular weight RNAs and small interfering RNAs induce systemic posttranscriptional gene silencing in plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99, 11981-11986.
Kohler, C., Merkle, T., Roby, D., and Neuhaus, G. (2001). Developmentally regulated expression of a cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel from Arabidopsis indicates its involvement in programmed cell death. Planta 213, 327-332.
Kumagai, M., Donson, J., Della-Cioppa, G., Harvey, D., Hanley, K., and Grill, L. (1995). Cytoplasmic inhibition of carotenoid biosynthesis with virus-derived RNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 92, 1679-1683.
Leshem, Y.a.Y., Wills, R.B., and Ku, V.V.-V. (1998). Evidence for the function of the free radical gas — nitric oxide (NO•) — as an endogenous maturation and senescence regulating factor in higher plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 36, 825-833.
Lim, P.O., Woo, H.R., and Nam, H.G. (2003). Molecular genetics of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. Trends in Plant Science 8, 272-278.
Liu, J., Ma, P., Sun, Y., Yang, M., Yang, L., Li, Y., Wu, Y., Zhu, X., and Wang, X. (2007). Expression of human acidic fibroblast growth factor in Nicotiana benthamiana with a potato‐virus‐X‐based binary vector. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry 48, 143-147.
Liu, Y., Schiff, M., and Dinesh-Kumar, S.P. (2002). Virus-induced gene silencing in tomato. The Plant Journal 31, 777-786.
Liu, Y., Nakayama, N., Schiff, M., Litt, A., Irish, V.F., and Dinesh-Kumar, S.P. (2004). Virus induced gene silencing of a DEFICIENS ortholog in Nicotiana benthamiana. Plant Molecular Biology 54, 701-711.
Loggini, B., Scartazza, A., Brugnoli, E., and Navari-Izzo, F. (1999). Antioxidative defense system, pigment composition, and photosynthetic efficiency in two wheat cultivars subjected to drought. Plant Physiology 119, 1091-1100.
Lombardo, M.C., Graziano, M., Polacco, J.C., and Lamattina, L. (2006). Nitric oxide functions as a positive regulator of root hair development. Plant Signaling &; Behavior 1, 28.
Lu, R., Malcuit, I., Moffett, P., Ruiz, M.T., Peart, J., Wu, A.J., Rathjen, J.P., Bendahmane, A., Day, L., and Baulcombe, D.C. (2003). High throughput virus-induced gene silencing implicates heat shock protein 90 in plant disease resistance. EMBO J 22, 5690-5699.
Ma, W., Smigel, A., Walker, R.K., Moeder, W., Yoshioka, K., and Berkowitz, G.A. (2010). Leaf senescence signaling: The Ca2+-conducting Arabidopsis cyclic nucleotide gated channel2 acts through nitric oxide to repress senescence programming. Plant Physiology 154, 733-743.
Manjunatha, G., Lokesh, V., and Neelwarne, B. (2010). Nitric oxide in fruit ripening: trends and opportunities. Biotechnology dvances 28, 489-499.
Martin-Tanguy, J. (2001). Metabolism and function of polyamines in plants: recent development (new approaches). Plant Growth Regulation 34, 135-148.
Martin-Tanguy, J., and Carre, M. (1993). Polyamines in grapevine microcuttings cultivated in vitro. Effects of amines and inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis on polyamine levels and microcutting growth and development. Plant Growth Regulation 13, 269-280.
Martin, M., Colman, M.J.R., Gómez-Casati, D.F., Lamattina, L., and Zabaleta, E.J. (2009). Nitric oxide accumulation is required to protect against iron-mediated oxidative stress in frataxin-deficient Arabidopsis plants. FEBS Letters 583, 542-548.
Martinez-Ruiz, A., and Lamas, S. (2009). Two decades of new concepts in nitric oxide signaling: from the discovery of a gas messenger to the mediation of nonenzymatic posttranslational modifications. IUBMB Life 61, 91-98.
Matthews, H.R. (1993). Polyamines, chromatin structure and transcription. BioEssays 15, 561-566.
Meyer, C., Lea, U.S., Provan, F., Kaiser, W.M., and Lillo, C. (2005). Is nitrate reductase a major player in the plant NO (nitric oxide) game? Photosynthesis Research 83, 181-189.
Naka, Y., Watanabe, K., Sagor, G., Niitsu, M., Pillai, M.A., Kusano, T., and Takahashi, Y. (2010). Quantitative analysis of plant polyamines including thermospermine during growth and salinity stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 48, 527-533.
Ndayiragije, A., and Lutts, S. (2006). Do exogenous polyamines have an impact on the response of a salt-sensitive rice cultivar to NaCl? Journal of Plant Physiology 163, 506-516.
Neily, M.H., Matsukura, C., Maucourt, M., Bernillon, S., Deborde, C., Moing, A., Yin, Y.G., Saito, T., Mori, K., Asamizu, E., Rolin, D., Moriguchi, T., and Ezura, H. (2011). Enhanced polyamine accumulation alters carotenoid metabolism at the transcriptional level in tomato fruit over-expressing spermidine synthase. Journal of Plant Physiology 168, 242-252.
Pagnussat, G.C., Simontacchi, M., Puntarulo, S., and Lamattina, L. (2002). Nitric oxide is required for root organogenesis. Plant Physiology 129, 954-956.
Palmer, R.M., Ferrige, A.G., and Moncada, S. (1987). Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Nature 327, 524-526.
Parinov, S., and Sundaresan, V. (2000). Functional genomics in Arabidopsis: large-scale insertional mutagenesis complements the genome sequencing project. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 11, 157-161.
Parvin, S., Lee, O.R., Sathiyaraj, G., Khorolragchaa, A., Kim, Y.J., and Yang, D.C. (2014). Spermidine alleviates the growth of saline-stressed ginseng seedlings through antioxidative defense system. Gene 537, 70-78.
Parvin, S., Kim, Y.-J., Pulla, R.K., Sathiyamoorthy, S., Miah, M.G., Kim, Y.-J., Wasnik, N.G., and Yang, D.-C. (2010). Identification and characterization of spermidine synthase gene from Panax ginseng. Molecular Biology Reports 37, 923-932.
Paschalidis, K.A., and Roubelakis-Angelakis, K.A. (2005). Spatial and temporal distribution of polyamine levels and polyamine anabolism in different organs/tissues of the tobacco plant. Correlations with age, cell division/expansion, and differentiation. Plant Physiology 138, 142-152.
Pereira, T.P., do Amaral, F.P., Dall'asta, P., Brod, F.C., and Arisi, A.C. (2014). Real-Time PCR quantification of the plant growth promoting bacteria herbaspirillum seropedicae strain smR1 in maize roots. Molecular Biotechnology. Published online.
Pignatti, C., Tantini, B., Stefanelli, C., and Flamigni, F. (2004). Signal transduction pathways linking polyamines to apoptosis. Amino acids 27, 359-365.
Puyaubert, J., Fares, A., Reze, N., Peltier, J.B., and Baudouin, E. (2014). Identification of endogenously S-nitrosylated proteins in Arabidopsis plantlets: effect of cold stress on cysteine nitrosylation level. Plant Science 215-216, 150-156.
Quirino, B.F., Noh, Y.-S., Himelblau, E., and Amasino, R.M. (2000). Molecular aspects of leaf senescence. Trends in Plant Science 5, 278-282.
Radi, R. (2004). Nitric oxide, oxidants, and protein tyrosine nitration. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101, 4003-4008.
Ramegowda, V., Senthil-kumar, M., Udayakumar, M., and Mysore, K.S. (2013). A high-throughput virus-induced gene silencing protocol identifies genes involved in multi-stress tolerance. BMC Plant Biology 13, 193.
Ratcliff, F., Martin‐Hernandez, A.M., and Baulcombe, D.C. (2001). Technical advance: tobacco rattle virus as a vector for analysis of gene function by silencing. The Plant Journal 25, 237-245.
Ribeiro, E.A., Jr., Cunha, F.Q., Tamashiro, W.M., and Martins, I.S. (1999). Growth phase-dependent subcellular localization of nitric oxide synthase in maize cells. FEBS Letters 445, 283-286.
Rocha, M., Rovira-Llopis, S., Herance, J.R., Banuls, C., Polo, M., Blas-Garcia, A., Hernandez-Mijares, A., and Victor, V.M. (2014). The pivotal role of nitric oxide: effects on the nervous and immune systems. Current Pharmaceutical Design. page 1.
Rosales, E.P., Iannone, M.F., Groppa, M.D., and Benavides, M.P. (2012). Polyamines modulate nitrate reductase activity in wheat leaves: involvement of nitric oxide. Amino Acids 42, 857-865.
Roussos, P.A., and Pontikis, C.A. (2007). Changes of free, soluble conjugated and bound polyamine titers of jojoba explants under sodium chloride salinity in vitro. Journal of Plant Physiology 164, 895-903.
Saedler, R., and Baldwin, I.T. (2004). Virus-induced gene silencing of jasmonate-induced direct defences, nicotine and trypsin proteinase-inhibitors in Nicotiana attenuata. Journal of Experimental Botany 55, 151-157.
Seligman, K., Saviani, E., Oliveira, H., Pinto-Maglio, C., and Salgado, I. (2008). Floral transition and nitric oxide emission during flower development in Arabidopsis thaliana is affected in nitrate reductase-deficient plants. Plant and Cell Physiology 49, 1112-1121.
Sharma, S.S., and Dietz, K.J. (2006). The significance of amino acids and amino acid-derived molecules in plant responses and adaptation to heavy metal stress. Journal of Experimental Botany 57, 711-726.
Shi, H.-T., and Chan, Z.-L. (2013). In vivo role of Arabidopsis arginase in arginine metabolism and abiotic stress response. Plant Signaling and Behavior 8, e24138-1- e24138-3.
Shigeoka, S., Ishikawa, T., Tamoi, M., Miyagawa, Y., Takeda, T., Yabuta, Y., and Yoshimura, K. (2002). Regulation and function of ascorbate peroxidase isoenzymes. Journal of Experimental Botany 53, 1305-1319.
Smith, J.N., and Dasgupta, T.P. (2000). Kinetics and mechanism of the decomposition of S-nitrosoglutathione by l-ascorbic acid and copper ions in aqueous solution to produce nitric oxide. Nitric Oxide 4, 57-66.
Stohr, C., and Stremlau, S. (2006). Formation and possible roles of nitric oxide in plant roots. Journal of Experimental Botany 57, 463-470.
Takahashi, T., and Kakehi, J. (2010). Polyamines: ubiquitous polycations with unique roles in growth and stress responses. Annals of Botany 105, 1-6.
Tang, W., and Newton, R.J. (2005). Polyamines promote root elongation and growth by increasing root cell division in regenerated Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana Mill.) plantlets. Plant Cell Reports 24, 581-589.
Tewari, R.K., Kumar, P., Sharma, P.N., and Bisht, S.S. (2002). Modulation of oxidative stress responsive enzymes by excess cobalt. Plant Science 162, 381-388.
Theiss, C., Bohley, P., and Voigt, J. (2002). Regulation by polyamines of ornithine decarboxylase activity and cell division in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiology 128, 1470-1479.
Thomas, T., and Thomas, T. (2001). Polyamines in cell growth and cell death: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic applications. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS 58, 244-258.
Tian, J., Pei, H., Zhang, S., Chen, J., Chen, W., Yang, R., Meng, Y., You, J., Gao, J., and Ma, N. (2014). TRV–GFP: a modified tobacco rattle virus vector for efficient and visualizable analysis of gene function. Journal of Experimental Botany 65, 311-322.
Tun, N.N., Livaja, M., Kieber, J.J., and Scherer, G.F. (2008). Zeatin‐induced nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana mutants of NO biosynthesis and of two‐component signaling genes. New Phytologist 178, 515-531.
Tun, N.N., Santa-Catarina, C., Begum, T., Silveira, V., Handro, W., Floh, E.I., and Scherer, G.F. (2006). Polyamines induce rapid biosynthesis of nitric oxide (NO) in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Plant and Cell Physiology 47, 346-354.
Uchida, A., Jagendorf, A.T., Hibino, T., Takabe, T., and Takabe, T. (2002). Effects of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide on both salt and heat stress tolerance in rice. Plant Science 163, 515-523.
Valderrama, R., Corpas, F.J., Carreras, A., Fernández-Ocaña, A., Chaki, M., Luque, F., Gómez-Rodríguez, M.V., Colmenero-Varea, P., del Río, L.A., and Barroso, J.B. (2007). Nitrosative stress in plants. FEBS Letters 581, 453-461.
Valentine, T., Shaw, J., Blok, V.C., Phillips, M.S., Oparka, K.J., and Lacomme, C. (2004). Efficient virus-induced gene silencing in roots using a modified tobacco rattle virus vector. Plant Physiology 136, 3999-4009.
Valko, M., Leibfritz, D., Moncol, J., Cronin, M.T., Mazur, M., and Telser, J. (2007). Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 39, 44-84.
Van Kammen, A. (1997). Virus-induced gene silencing in infected and transgenic plants. Trends in Plant Science 2, 409-411.
Walters, D. (2003). Resistance to plant pathogens: possible roles for free polyamines and polyamine catabolism. New Phytologist 159, 109-115.
Wang, Y., Yun, B.W., Kwon, E., Hong, J.K., Yoon, J., and Loake, G.J. (2006). S-nitrosylation: an emerging redox-based post-translational modification in plants. Journal of Experimental Botany 57, 1777-1784.
Waterhouse, P.M., and Helliwell, C.A. (2003). Exploring plant genomes by RNA-induced gene silencing. Nature Reviews Genetics 4, 29-38.
Wimalasekera, R., Villar, C., Begum, T., and Scherer, G.F. (2011). COPPER AMINE OXIDASE1 (CuAO1) of Arabidopsis thaliana contributes to abscisic acid- and polyamine-induced nitric oxide biosynthesis and abscisic acid signal transduction. Molecular Plant 4, 663-678.
Wink, D.A., and Mitchell, J.B. (1998). Chemical biology of nitric oxide: Insights into regulatory, cytotoxic, and cytoprotective mechanisms of nitric oxide. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 25, 434-456.
Wojtaszek, P. (2000). Nitric oxide in plants: to NO or not to NO. Phytochemistry 54, 1-4.
Ya'acov, Y.L., and Pinchasov, Y. (2000). Non‐invasive photoacoustic spectroscopic determination of relative endogenous nitric oxide and ethylene content stoichiometry during the ripening of strawberries Fragaria anannasa (Duch.) and avocados Persea americana (Mill.). Journal of Experimental Botany 51, 1471-1473.
Yamasaki, H., Sakihama, Y., and Takahashi, S. (1999). An alternative pathway for nitric oxide production in plants: new features of an old enzyme. Trends in Plant Science 4, 128-129.
Zhang, F., Wang, Y., Yang, Y., Wu, H., Wang, D., and Liu, J. (2007). Involvement of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide in salt resistance in the calluses from Populus euphratica. Plant, Cell and Environment 30, 775-785.
Zhao, L., Zhang, F., Guo, J., Yang, Y., Li, B., and Zhang, L. (2004). Nitric oxide functions as a signal in salt resistance in the calluses from two ecotypes of reed. Plant Physiology 134, 849-857.