臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　本論文以刮刀塗佈技術配合基板加熱溫度成功塗佈低溶解度之小分子有機溶液後，以EB47及EB515之主客發光體材料，搭配高揮發性溶劑與不同電荷傳輸層材料進行藍光螢光有機發光二極體元件製作，比較不同元件結構之差異並改善輕微互溶，再調變膜層厚度，最佳的元件結構是以VB-FNPD作為電洞傳輸層搭配電子傳輸層TPBi，其電流效率最高可達3.4 cd/A，外部量子效率1.6%，亮度8,100 cd/m2。另外，以文獻中相同的元件結構及製程製作紅光磷光有機發光二極體，僅將原為真空蒸鍍之電子傳輸層改以刮刀塗佈之溶液製程，最佳化氟化銫膜層厚度後，以TCTA及Os(II) complex 2為主、客發光體之元件，其電流效率最高為7.7 cd/A，外部量子效率6.6%，亮度920 cd/m2，元件效率達文獻製程之四成以上。

　　The dissertation aims to successfully coat small molecule organic solution of low solubility by blade coating on a hot plate at different temperature, and fabricate blue fluorescence organic light-emitting diode with volatile solvent and different charge transporting layers in host-guest system of EB47 and EB515. We compared the variations in different device structures, and reduced the slight dissolution before tuning various thicknesses of organic films. The optimal device structure is 2,7-disubstituted fluorene-based triaryldiamine (VB-FNPD) and 2,2',2"-(1,3,5-benzinetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole) (TPBi) as hole transporting layer and electron transporting layer, respectively. Current efficiency of 3.4 cd/A, and external quantum efficiency of 1.6%, and luminance of 8,100 cd/m2 are achieved in this device structure. In the other experiment, we fabricated red phosphorescence organic light-emitting diodes in the same device structure and process of literature. The only variation is electron transporting layer coated by blade-only technique in place of evaporating in vacuum. After optimizing the thickness of CsF, current efficiency of 7.7 cd/A, and external quantum efficiency of 6.6%, and luminance of 920 cd/m2 are achieved in host-guest system of 4,4',4"-tris-(N-carbazolyl)-triphenylamine (TCTA) and [Os(btfp)2(pp2b)] (Osmium complex 2). The efficiency is over 40 percent of original evaporation process.

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
目錄 VI
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 XI
一、緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 有機發光二極體之歷史演進 2
1.3 研究動機與方向 3
1.4 論文架構 4
二、有機發光二極體之基礎理論 5
2.1 螢光、磷光與其發光機制 5
2.2 主客發光體能量轉移 7
2.2.1 輻射能量轉移 7
2.2.2 非輻射能量轉移 8
2.3 載子捕捉 10
2.4 OLED元件各層簡介與發光原理 11
2.4.1 各層簡介 11
2.4.2 發光原理 13
三、有機發光二極體之元件製作流程及材料介紹 15
3.1 有機發光二極體之元件製作流程 15
3.1.1 陽極基板ITO玻璃蝕刻 15
3.1.2 實驗元件製作－有機薄膜塗佈 18
3.1.2 陰極蒸鍍 25
3.1.3 元件封裝及量測 26
3.2 有機材料介紹 29
3.2.1 電洞注入材料(Hole injection material) 29
3.2.2 電洞傳輸材料(Hole transport material) 30
3.2.3 主客發光體材料(Host material and guest material) 33
3.2.4 電子傳輸材料(Electron transport material) 36
四、實驗設計與結果討論 38
4.1 藍光螢光材料之成膜測試 38
4.1.1 藍光螢光材料之溶解度測試 38
4.1.2 藍光螢光材料之成膜性測試 41
4.2 藍光螢光有機發光二極體元件 45
4.2.1 搭配不同電洞注入層與電洞傳輸層之元件效率 46
4.2.2 調變電洞傳輸層厚度與更換ETL材料之元件效率 52
4.2.3 調變電子傳輸層厚度與更換HTL材料之元件效率 59
4.3 紅光磷光有機發光二極體 65
4.3.1 以刮刀塗佈不同厚度TPBi之比較 66
4.3.2 比較不同厚度之電子注入層－氟化銫 72
4.3.3 摻雜濃度對元件效率的影響 77
4.3.4 搭配不同主發光體材料之元件效率 86
五、結論 92
文獻參考 94

[1] 陳金鑫，黃孝文，OLED 夢幻顯示器-OLED材料與元件，五南書局。
[2] M. Pope, H. P. Kallmann, P. Magnante, J. Chem. Phys., 38, 2042 (1963).
[3] C. W. Tang, S. A. VanSlyke, Appl. Phys. Lett., 51, 913 (1987).
[4] J. H. Burroughes, D. D. C. Bradley, A. R. Brown, R. N. Marks, K. Mackay, R. H. Friend, P. L. Burns, A. B. Holmes, Nature, 347, 539 (1990).
[5] B. Zhang, G. Tan, C. S. Lam, B. Yao, C. L. Ho, L. Liu, Z. Xie, W. Y. Wong, J. Ding, and L. Wang, Adv. Mater., 24, 1873 (2012).
[6] J. J. Park, T. J. Park, W. S. Jeon, R. Pode, J. Jang, J. H. Kwon, E. S. Yu, and M. Y. Chae, Org. Electron., 10, 189 (2009).
[7] Y. J. Doh, J. S. Park, W. S. Jeon, R. Pode, and J. H. Kwon, Org. Electron., 13, 586 (2012).
[8] M. S. Soh, S. A. G. Santamaria, E. L. Williams, M. P_erez-Morales, H. J. Bolink, and A. Sellinger, J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 49, 531(2011).
[9] S. R. Tseng, H. F. Meng, K. C Lee, S. F. Horng, Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, 153308 (2008).
[10] C. Y. Chen, et al., Journal of Applied Physics, 110, 094501 (2011).
[11] Y. F. Chang, et al., Journal of Applied Physics, 114, 123101 (2013).
[12] M.A. Baldo, D.F. O'Brien, Y. You, A. Shoustikov, S. Sibley, M.E. Thompson, and S.R. Forrest, Nature, 395, 151 (1998).
[13] M. Klessinger, J. Michl., VCH Publishers (1995).
[14] M.A. Baldo, D.F. O'Brien, M.E. Thompson, S.R. Forrest, Phys. Rev.B., 60,14422 (1999).
[15] M.Uchida, C.Adachi, T.Koyama, and Y.Taniguchi, J.Appl.Phys., 86, 1680 (1999).
[16] L. S. Hung, C. W. Tang, M. G. Mason, P. Raychaudhuri, and J. Madathil, Appl. Phys. Lett., 78, 544 (2001).
[17] H. Peng, J. Sun, X. Zhu, X. Yu, M. Wong, and H. S. Kwok, Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, 073517 (2006).
[18] T.M. Brown, F. Cacialli, J. Polym., Sci.: Part B, 41, 2649 (2003).
[19] Yoshiyuki Kuwubara, Hiromitsu Ogawa, Hiroshi Inada, Naoki Noma, and Yasuhiko Shirota, Adv. Mater., 6, No. 9, 677-679 (1994).
[20] Bo-Sian Du, et al., Adv. Funct. Mater., 22, 3491-3499 (2012).
[21] Bo Zhao, Zisheng Su, Wenlian Li, Bei Chu, Fangming Jin, Appl. Phys. Lett., 101, 053310 (2012).
[22] C. Hosokawa, H. Tokailin, Higashi, and T. Kusumoto, Appl. Phys. Lett., 60, 1220 (1992).
[23] C.Y. Lin, Y.C. Lin, W.Y. Hung, K.T. Wong, R.C. Kwong, S.C. Xia, Y.H. Chen, C.I. Wu, J. Mater. Chem., 19, p. 3618 (2009).
[24] B.-S. Du, J.-L. Liao, M.-H. Huang, C.-H. Lin, H.-W. Lin, Y. Chi, H.-A. Pan, G.-L. Fan, K.-T. Wong, G.-H. Lee, P.-T. Chou, Adv. Funct. Mater., 22, p. 3491 (2012).
[25] L. S. Hung, C. W. Tang, and M. G. Mason, Appl. Phys. Lett., 70, 152 (1997).
[26]G. E. Jabbour, B. Kippeien, N. R. Armstrong, and N. Peyghambarian, Appl. Phys. Lett., 73, 1185 (1998).
[27] J. Yoon, J.-J. Kim, T.-W. Lee, and O-O. Park, Appl. Phys. Lett., 76, 2152 (2000).