臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

神經調節是一種改變神經⾏為的技術，可以被應⽤於⾮常多的疾病。⽐如說在帕⾦森⽒症中，病患在⻑期吃藥後已無法解緩症狀，此時就可以尋求神經調節的幫助。神經調節分為化學⼿段或是電刺激。化學神經調節是利⽤植⼊的⽅式將藥劑放置到組織中。電神經調節是⽤電來刺激神經。電刺激有許多種模式，單雙端，單雙相，定電流與定電壓輸出。單端刺激意指為選擇一個電極對地刺激，雙端是選擇兩個電極互相刺激，單雙相則代表刺激的波形，一個波形是單相，兩個波形是雙相。
本篇提出三種單端雙相刺激器，分別為低壓定電流的刺激器，低壓和⾼壓的定電流電壓刺激器。低壓電路是利⽤ 0.18µm 低壓製程設計，⾼壓為利⽤ 0.25µm⾼壓⼯藝製作。低壓定電流刺激器可產⽣ 0 ∼ ±3.6mA，一個刻度是 0.2mA。所需的電壓是 ±6V, ±3V 和 1.8V。低壓定電壓電流刺激器為定電流低壓產⽣器再額外加上定電壓輸出功能。電壓輸出範圍是 0∼ ±3.6V 一個刻度是 0.2mA。⾼壓的定電壓電流刺激器功能是和低壓的相同，但是輸出的電壓電流範圍⽐較⼤可以輸出 0 ∼ ±10V and 0 ∼ ±10mA，一個刻度是 0.2mA。⾼壓定電壓電流刺激器所需 ±15V, ±10V ±5V and 2.5V。在量測時這些電壓會直接由電源供應器提供，但整合在 SoC 中可以使⽤電源管理單元提供。

Neuromodulation is a technique to affect nerve behavior and the device of it can be implanted in many places to treat illness such as Parkinson’s disease. Neuromodulation can be chemical or electrical. Chemical neuromodulation is to implant pharmaceutical agents to tissue. Electrical neuromodulation is to use electric to stimulate nerves. The stimulation can have two stimulation modes (voltage and current), two system configu- rations (monopolar and bipolar), and two kinds of stimulation pulses (monophasic and biphasic). This thesis proposes three monopolar biphasic stimulator architectures, cur- rent stimulator in LV and current and voltage stimulator both in LV and HV. The LV circuit is designed in 0.18µm LV 1.8/3.3V CMOS process and HV is designed in 0.25µm 2.5/5/12V HV CMOS process.

The LV current stimulator can provide 0 ∼ ±3.6mA with 0.2mA per step. The power supplies are ±6V, ±3V and 1.8V. The LV current and voltage stimulator is the current simulator with an additional function to provide 0 ∼ ±3.6V with 0.2V per step. The HV current and voltage stimulator function is the same as the function of LV current

and voltage stimulator but the output can be 0 ∼ ±10V and 0 ∼ ±10mA. The power supplies of HV current and voltage simulator are ±15V, ±10V ±5V and 2.5V. The power mentioned before are generated by power supply at the time of measuring. However, it will be provided by power management unit in SoC.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
Acknowledgment iii
Contents v
List of figures vi
List of tables ix
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction to Neuromodulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.2 Introduction to Tissue Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1.3 Patterns of Stimulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.4 Introduction to DBS in Parkinson Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1.5 System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1.6 Thesis Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2 Design of LV Monopolar Biphasic Current Stimulator 9


2.1 Prior Art of Current Stimulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.2 Specifications of LV Current Stimulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

2.3 Structures of LV current stimulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

2.3.1 Constant gm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2.3.2 DAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2.3.3 Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2.3.4 Discharge Circuit Using Off-chip PMOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.3.5 Level Shifter of Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

2.4 Simulation and Measurement Results of LV Current stimulator . . . . . . . 21

2.4.1 Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

2.4.2 Measurement Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

2.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

3 Design of LV and HV Monopolar Biphasic Current and Voltage Stimulator 31
3.1 Prior Art of Current and Voltage Stimulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

3.2 Specifications of LV Current and Voltage Stimulator . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

3.3 Structures of LV Current and Voltage Stimulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

3.3.1 DAC to Generate Current and Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

3.3.2 Current Mirror and Comparator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

3.3.3 Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

3.3.4 Passive Discharge and Active Discharge Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . 40

3.3.5 Level Shifter of Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

3.4 Simulation Results of LV Current and Voltage Stimulator . . . . . . . . . . 43

3.4.1 Pre-layout Simulation Results of Current and Voltage Stimulator . 43

3.4.2 Post-layout Simulation Results of LV Current and Voltage Stimulator 45

3.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

4 Design of HV Monopolar Current and Voltage Stimulator 48

4.1 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

4.2 Design of HV Current and Voltage Stimulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

4.3 Simulation Results of HV Current and Voltage Stimulator . . . . . . . . . 50

4.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

5 Conclusion and Future Work 55

5.1 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

5.2 Future work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

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