臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文提供一增進染料敏化太陽能電池(dye-sensitized solar cell, DSSC)光伏轉換效率(photovoltaic conversion efficiency, η)之結構，其中於導電透明(transparent conducting oxide, TCO)基板(substrate)與電解液(electrolyte)間所備製之氧化鋅緻密層(ZnO compact layer)除增加二氧化鈦薄膜 (TiO2 film)與導電基板 (TCO substrate)之附著性外，亦可隔絕電解液與導電基板之接觸，以降低電子電洞對之復合 (recombination of electron-hole pairs)，提升電池之短路電流密度(Short-Circuit Current Density, Jsc)。同時，本論文之研究結合太陽光模擬器(sun light simulation system) 、電化學阻抗分析儀(electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, EIS) 配合一等效電路模型(equivalent circuit model)、場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡(field emission scanning electron microscopy, FE-SEM)、X光繞射儀(X-ray diffractometer, XRD)及ND濾光片(neutral density filters)探討氧化石墨烯(graphene oxide)與磁珠(magnetic beads)以不同堆疊結構(hierarchical structure)及串並聯模組(series-parallel connection module)對染料敏化太陽能電池於低照度下(under the low illumination)之光伏特性(photovoltaic performance)、異質接面處之界面阻抗(internal interface impedance)、表面形態(morphologies of surface)、薄膜厚度(thickness of film)及薄膜晶相(crystal phase)。經由實驗結果得知，氧化石墨烯之高比表面積(high specific surface area)特性與磁珠之優良傳導特性(conduction properties)有助於染料敏化太陽能電池之光伏轉換效率與電子傳輸(electron transfer)的改善。此外，將封裝完成之元件藉由電源量測單位(source measure unit, SMU)及國家儀器(National Instruments)之LabVIEW軟體進行無線遠端即時監控(wireless-based remote real-time monitor)，分析元件於長時間下之穩定度(stability)。

This thesis provides a structure of increasing photovoltaic conversion efficiency for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). ZnO compact layer between transparent conducting oxide (TCO) substrate and electrolyte not only increase the adhesion between TiO2 and TCO substrate but also cut off electrolyte contact with TCO substrate to reduce recombination of electron-hole pairs and to raise short-circuit current density. Simultaneously, we also integrated sun light simulation system, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which assorted with equivalent circuit model, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), neutral density filters etc. to investigate photovoltaic performance, internal interface impedance, morphologies, thickness, crystal phase of different hierarchical structures and different series-parallel connection module modified by graphene oxide and magnetic beads for DSSC under the low illumination. According to the experimental result, high specific surface area of graphene oxide and conduction properties of magnetic beads contribute improvement of photovoltaic conversion efficiency and electron transfer for DSSC. Besides, we studied on wireless-based remote real-time monitor and analyzed stability of device for a long time by source measure unit and LabVIEW from National Instruments.

Contents
Chinese Abstract------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i
English Abstract-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iii
Acknowledgement----------------------------------------------------------------------------- iv
Contents----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- v
List of Tables----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ix
List of Figures---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xi
Chapter 1 Introduction---------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.1 Background----------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.1.1 Development of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell---------------------- 2
1.1.2 Development of Working Electrode ----------------------------- 5
1.1.3 Development of Sensitized-dye ----------------------------------- 6
1.1.4 Development of Electrolyte --------------------------------------- 7
1.1.5 Development of Counter Electrode ------------------------------ 8
1.1.6 Development of Graphene and Graphene Oxide---------------- 9
1.1.7 Development of Magnetic Beads---------------------------------- 10
1.2 Motivation and Purpose-------------------------------------------- 11
Chapter 2 Theory Descriptions------------------------------------------------- 17
2.1 Basic Principle of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell-------------------- 17
2.2 Recombination Reaction of DSSC-------------------------------- 19
2.3 Principle of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ------- 21
2.4 Short-Circuit Current Density – Voltage (J-V) Measuring System----------------------------------------------------------------
23
Chapter 3 Experimental--------------------------------------------------------- 31
3.1 Reagents, Material and Instrument-------------------------------- 31
3.2 Fabrication Process-------------------------------------------------- 35
3.2.1 Substrate Cleaning--------------------------------------------------- 35
3.2.2 Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Solution--------------------------- 36
3.2.3 Fabrication of Compact Layer ------------------------------------ 37
3.2.4 Fabrication of Dye Adsorption Layer----------------------------- 38
3.2.5 Fabrication of Platinum Layer ------------------------------------ 39
3.2.6 Fabrication of Electrolyte ------------------------------------------ 39
3.2.7 Fabrication of N3 Dye --------------------------------------------- 39
3.2.8 Cell Assembling----------------------------------------------------- 40
3.3 Measurement System----------------------------------------------- 41
3.3.1 Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM)---- 41
3.3.2 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)------------------------------------------ 42
3.3.3 Solar Simulator Measurement System --------------------------- 43
3.3.4 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)---------------- 44
3.3.5 Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-vis) Spectroscopy---------------------- 44
Chapter 4 Results and Discussion--------------------------------------------- 64
4.1 Photocurrent-Voltage Characteristics of TiO2/ZnO Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Fabricated by Different Technologies---------------------------------------------------------

64
4.2 Photocurrent-Voltage Characteristics of Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Modified by Different Graphene Oxide Contents--------------------------------------------------------------- 68
4.3 Photocurrent-Voltage Characteristics of Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Modified by Different Magnetic Beads Contents--------------------------------------------------------------- 70
4.4 Performances and Analysis of Dye-sensitized Solar Cell by Different Structures of Working Electrode---------------------- 72
4.4.1 Photocurrent-Voltage Characteristics of Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Fabricated by Different Structures of Working Electrode-------------------------------------------------------------- 72
4.4.2 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Fabricated by Different Structures of Working Electrode-------------------------------------------------------------- 73
4.4.3 Surface Morphology of Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Fabricated by Different Structures of Working Electrode------------------- 76
4.4.4 X-ray Diffractometer of Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Fabricated by Different Structures of Working Electrode------------------- 77
4.4.5 Dye Absorbance Analysis of Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Fabricated by Different Structures of Working Electrode 78
4.4.6 Transmittance Analysis of Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Fabricated by Different Structures of Working Electrode----- 79
4.5 Performances and Analysis of Dye-sensitized Solar Cell with Different Substrate-------------------------------------------------- 80
4.5.1 Photocurrent-Voltage Characteristics of Dye-sensitized Solar Cell with Different Substrates------------------------------------- 80
4.5.2 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis of Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Fabricated with Different Structures of Working Electrode---------------------------------- 81
4.6 Performances and Analysis of Dye-sensitized Solar Cell under Different Illumination--------------------------------------- 82
4.7 Characteristics and Analysis of Large-area Dye-sensitized Solar Cell with Different Series-parallel Modules-------------- 83
4.8 Stability Analysis of Dye-sensitized Solar Cell of via Wireless-based Remote Real-time Monitoring System-------- 84
Chapter 5 Conclusions---------------------------------------------------------- 122
Chapter 6 Future Prospects----------------------------------------------------- 124
References--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 125
Appendix---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 142
Personal Profile--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 179

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