臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文旨於研製具有追日及最大功率點追蹤(Maximum Power Point Tracking ; MPPT)之太陽能控制系統，追日系統之目的是追蹤太陽位置，使日光與太陽能板呈直角投射以獲取最大之太陽能量。本文所設計之追日系統屬被動式雙軸控制系統，意即藉由經度、緯度及時間等資料計算太陽之仰角及方位角，進而控制雙軸馬達。最大功率追蹤原理係調整升壓電路之工作週期，以改變太陽能電池輸出之電壓及電流，並求得最大功率點。文獻上，常見之最大功點追蹤方法為增量電導法(Incremental Conductance Method；INCC)。而本文提出比例-積分-微分-模糊控制器(Proportion Integration Differentiation Like Fuzzy Control ; PIDFC)演算法，以提高最大功率點之追蹤效率。另外，太陽能轉換效率易受環境溫度影響，因此本論文提出一個溫度補償機制來動態調整PIDFC之控制命令，使系統輸出功率具有更好的發電效率。最後比較本文提出之方法具溫度補償之PIDFC最大功率點追蹤控制演算法與傳統MPPT及PID-MPPT之差異性。由實驗結果可知系統功率、響應速度及穩定性皆有明顯改善。

The purpose of this study is to develop solar energy control system with the functions of solar tracking and maximum power point tracking.Solar tracking system aims to track the position of the sun with the purposes of making the sun and solar panels form right-angled projection to obtain the maximization of solar energy. Solar tracking system designed in this study belongs to passive axis control system which means to control the dual-axis motor by means of longitude, latitude and time to calculate the angles of elevation and azimuth of the sun.The principles of maximum power point tracking are to adjust the duty cycle of the boost converter, aiming to change the output voltage and current of the solar cell to obtain the maximum power point. On literatures, the common maximum power point tracking method is incremental conductance.Proportion Integration Differentiation Like Fuzzy Control (PIDFC) was proposed in this research to improve the track efficiency of the maximum power point.Additionally, the conversion efficiency of the solar energy is susceptible to environmental temperature. Therefore, the temperature compensation mechanism was proposed with the purposes of adjusting dynamically the control command of the PIDFC and further achieving better power efficiency for the output power of the system. Finally, the differences between PIDFC maximum power point track control algorithm with the temperature compensation mechanism and the traditional MPPT as well as PID-MPPT were compared in this research. The results showed that system power, response time and stability were improved obviously.

目錄
致謝 I
摘要 II
Abstract III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2文獻回顧 2
1.3 論文貢獻 5
1.4 本文架構 6
第二章 太陽能控制平台 7
2.1 系統架構簡介 7
2.2 追日系統 7
2.2.1 BASIC Commander控制板 9
2.2.2 電子羅盤模組 10
2.2.3 三軸加速度感測模組 10
2.2.4 計時模組 11
2.2.5 伺服馬達 11
2.2.6 伺服馬達控制 12
2.3 最大功率追蹤 14
2.3.1數位訊號處理器 15
2.3.2 電壓取樣電路 16
2.3.3 電流取樣電路 17
2.3.4 溫度感測電路 19
2.3.5電源穩定分壓電路 20
2.3.6電晶體開關驅動電路 21
2.3.7 低通濾波電路 22
2.3.8 直流-直流升壓轉換電路 23
2.3.9 升壓電路於最大功率追蹤器之作用 24
第三章 追日系統 27
3.1 追日系統實驗環境與架構 27
3.2 天體圓座標系統定義 28
3.2.1 追日角度計算 29
3.3比例-微分控制器 31
第四章 最大功率點追蹤方法 34
4.1 太陽能電池等效電路 34
4.1.1 太陽能電池特性 36
4.2 最大功率點追蹤方法 38
4.2.1 增量電導法 39
4.3最大功率追蹤系統流程介紹 42
4.4 比例-積分-微分控制器 43
4.5模糊控制器之簡介 46
4.6 數位PIDFC之設計 50
第五章 實驗結果 52
5.1追日系統實驗 52
5.2 最大功率點追蹤實驗 56
5.2.1 數位濾波器 57
5.2.2 驗證功率曲線 59
5.2.3 溫度對功率曲線之影響 63
5.2.4 最大功率點追蹤結果 66
第六章 結論與未來展望 73
6.1 結論 73
6.2 未來展望 73
附錄A 75
附錄B 76
參考文獻 77

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