臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來智慧型終端的興起與網際網路廣泛運用，人們使用網路來觀看影片的需求也日益增多，這樣的演變發展也間接地促進許多網路串流技術的崛起，使得多媒體影視串流服務應用急速的成長，例如實況直播和遠距教學等，然而多媒體串流近期成為一個備受關注的熱門技術，終端裝置可以依許多不同特性的網路來存取多媒體內容。

HTTP (Hypertext Transport Protocol)為目前廣泛使用的傳輸協定。HTTP可適性串流中也有許多公司研發屬於自己的可適性串流，如：Adobe、Microsoft以及Apple以及國際標準組織規範之MPEG-DASH (Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP)等，客戶端能依照可用頻寬和使用者的需求動態調整多媒體串流的內容。

本論文實作以MPEG-DASH作為格式封裝，經由HTTP協定傳至用戶端，利用先前研究建置的雲端環境，我們提出一套可適性雙緩衝器機制是在於使用者所在網路環境下能夠提供更佳影片播放順暢度的機制。是以二個緩衝器來管理不同品質的影音資料，用戶端依據可用頻寬來切換緩衝器播放，能減少切換品質之反應時間。

In recent years, intelligent terminals and internet are used widely. The demands of watching movies on the internet are increasing. Due to the migration, the multimedia streaming technologies are developed. The multimedia streaming services and applications are provided rapidly, such as live TV, long-distance E-learning, etc. Thus, multimedia streaming technology is one of the current popular technologies.

HTTP (Hypertext Transport Protocol) is one of the main application protocols these days. In adaptive Streaming of HTTP, many companies developed their own adaptive streaming, such as Adobe, Microsoft, Apple and MPEG-DASH (Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP) of ISO standard. The client can dynamically select the adequate bit rate for multimedia streaming according to the network conditions or the restrictions imposed by users.

In this paper, MPEG-DASH and HTTP are used in our system. Based on the previous research result, we propose a mechanism called Dual-Playout Buffer (DPB), which is a mechanism for fluency of video streaming according to users’ network environments. By using two buffers to manage different kinds of quality of video, we can switch buffers to reduce the reaction time of switching quality according to the situation of users’ network.

誌謝 I
中文摘要 II
ABSTRACT III
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 背景與動機 1
1.2 研究方法 3
1.3 論文架構 4
第二章 理論背景 5
2.1 雲端運算 5
2.1.1 OpenNebula(ONE) 9
2.2 H.264視訊編碼標準 11
2.3 視訊轉碼技術 13
2.3.1 ffmpeg 14
2.4 RTP PAYLOAD FORMAT FOR H.264 14
2.5 多媒體傳輸技術 18
2.5.1 傳輸層協定(TCP vs. UDP) 18
2.5.2 可用頻寬估測 18
2.6 HTTP可適性串流技術之介紹 19
2.6.1 Microsoft Smooth Streaming 19
2.6.2 Apple HTTP Live Streaming 20
2.6.3 MPEG-DASH 20
2.7 可適性串流之相關文獻探討 22
第三章 系統架構與研究方法 25
3.1 問題描述 25
3.2 系統架構 26
3.2.1 Pull-Based系統架構與運作流程 27
3.3 即時串流影像分段方法 29
3.4 MPD清單更新機制 30
3.5 PULL-BASED可適性演算法 31
3.5.1 雙緩衝器機制設計 33
3.5.2 雙緩衝器機制運作 34
第四章 實驗環境建置與結果 37
4.1 雲端環境建置 37
4.1.1 實驗環境建置 38
4.2 影音串流環境實驗 39
4.2.1 實驗情境1：變動頻寬條件下之反應情況 39
4.2.2 實驗情境2：不同的Initial Delay之反應情況 42
4.2.3 實驗情境3：劇烈頻寬變動條件之反應情況 43
第五章 結論與未來展望 46
參考文獻 47

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