臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

航運公司經營受到國際經濟景氣影響甚巨，許多大型航運公司經常因為運價市場低迷，營收無法支持其船舶經常性開銷而將船舶停航，航運公司多角化發展攸關航運公司營運的成敗至巨。適當的多角化經營具有分散經營單一行業風險的效用。本研究採用AHP及模糊語意變數調查，研究航運集團公司多角化經營策略。
首先採用文獻回顧及市場現況回顧，整理出績效改善與降低風險兩大準則。並將定期航運與四個多角化策略結合，分別為垂直向後/垂直向前/相關/非相關多角化策略。市場現況回顧前三十大航運公司，並整理出三種分類，分別為超大型航商(Huge carriers)、聯盟型航商(Alliance carriers)、區域型或接駁型(Region /Feeder carriers)。本研究並有下列發現：航運公司提供戶到戶服務的貨運承攬、船務代理業、報關等功能，漸漸整合為一個單位營運，如複合運送及物流。以及國營背景的航運公司會有特殊多角化情況。本研究結果發現航運專家學者及航運公司高層主管，兩個群組對細項準則重要性的看法並不相同，整體最重要的大項準則為績效改善，較為重要的細項準則為獲利能力及成本風險，整體受訪者評分最高的替選方案為向後多角化策略。

Liner shipping companies have been usually influenced by the fluctuation of international business cycle, and many large shipping companies’ revenues cannot support their operating costs when the ocean freight rate is low. Choosing different diversified strategies can make shipping companies succeed or fail. Using an appropriate diversification strategy can help shipping companies reduce their risk by regularly investing in various shipping related and non-related business. This study adopts the AHP and BNP techniques to investigate several ocean carriers’ viewpoints on the degree of importance of various factors influencing the successfulness of several diversification strategies.
Firstly, the author reviews literatures and summarizes current container shipping companies’ diversified development. Two major reasons are found important for ocean carriers to diversify their business operations, namely, performance improvement and risk reduction. Four diversification strategies are found from literatures which can be used by the ocean container carriers: backward vertical, forward vertical, related, and unrelated diversification strategies. Reviewing carrying capacity of the top 30 shipping companies, three clusters of carriers are grouped by the author: Huge carriers, Alliance carriers and Region/Feeder carriers. It is found ocean carriers are increasingly offering various door to door services by diversifying their business scope, and state-owned shipping companies have involved in special diversified business operations.
This empirical research results showed that respondents from the shipping industry and from academic institutions have different perception on the degree of importance of these diversification evaluation criteria and sub-criteria. However both groups perceive profitability as the most important sub-criteria. From all respondents’ viewpoints, the most important criterion is the performance improvement. The best diversification strategy perceived by all respondents is backwards diversification strategy.

謝辭 I
摘 要 II
Abstract III
目錄 IV
表次 VI
圖次 VII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景及動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 研究限制 2
1.4 研究流程 3
第二章 多角化策略文獻回顧 4
2.1. 多角化定義 4
2.2. 多角化模式 4
2.3. 選擇多角化模式的因素及動機 8
2.4. 多角化的優缺點 9
2.4.1 優點 9
2.4.2 缺點 11
2.5. 多角化之風險及績效 13
2.6. 航運及運輸多角化文獻 15
第三章 航商多角化現況 19
3.1產業現況： 19
3.2多角化現況小結： 51
第四章 研究方法 53
4.1研究架構： 53
4.2層級分析法 54
4.2.1 層級分析法(AHP)的基本假設 55
4.2.2 層級分析法(AHP)的進行步驟 55
4.2.3 層級分析法(AHP)的優點與特色 57
4.3模糊理論(Fuzzy Theory) 58
4.3.1三角模糊數 58
4.3.2語意變數(Linguistic Variable) 59
4.3.3模糊多評準決策方法 60
第五章 研究結果 62
5.1樣本基本資料 62
5.2各層級分析結果 64
5.2.1大項準則權重分析 64
5.2.2細項準則權重分析 64
5.2.3替選方案滿意度評估 68
第六章 結論與建議 78
6.1研究結論 78
6.2研究建議 81
參考文獻 82
附錄─AHP及BNP問卷 87

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